Post Traumatic Stress Counseling: A Case Study
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), is a mental health condition recognized by the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). NAMI distinguished PTSD as leaving “people with ongoing psychological symptoms because they are not integrated into the consciousness” (NAMI). Thus, a person would be left in a continued state of duress and would be focused solely on escaping that traumatic situation. This state manifests itself in a variety of symptoms that generally fit into four categories: Intrusive Memories (flashbacks, nightmares, and scary thoughts), Avoidance (avoiding places, avoiding specific objects, and avoiding memories of the traumatic event), Disassociation (feeling as though out-of-body and feeling as though the world was unreal),
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Does mental health counselors' experience affect their use of persuasion/influence tactics?
1. Metaphors were the most used tactic followed by pointing out negative consequences to actions; noting positive rewards; use of reasoning; encouraging the client to compare real self to ideal self; and finally, the use of modeling.
2. A significant difference was found for the behavior-rewards/reinforcement variable comparisons of means by theoretical orientation for behavior-rewards/reinforcement indicated that: behavioral/cognitive behavioral counselors used these persuasion strategies significantly more often than mental health counselors employing psychodynamic, phenomenological, systemic, or other categories. No significant differences were found between behavioral/cognitive behavioral and eclectic counselors.
3. There were no significant experience effects.
The stigma against seeking help for mental illness was prevalent among veterans. It was crucial to define stigma and understand the two types, public stigma and self-stigma. Stigma was a negative and erroneous attitude about a person; it was a prejudice or negative stereotype, as defined by Corrigan and Penn (1999). Public stigma, in regards to mental illness, was the reaction of the general public toward people with mental illness. Self-Stigma was the internalization of how the general public portrayed people with mental illness and the belief in the
Does mental health counselors' experience affect their use of persuasion/influence tactics?
1. Metaphors were the most used tactic followed by pointing out negative consequences to actions; noting positive rewards; use of reasoning; encouraging the client to compare real self to ideal self; and finally, the use of modeling.
2. A significant difference was found for the behavior-rewards/reinforcement variable comparisons of means by theoretical orientation for behavior-rewards/reinforcement indicated that: behavioral/cognitive behavioral counselors used these persuasion strategies significantly more often than mental health counselors employing psychodynamic, phenomenological, systemic, or other categories. No significant differences were found between behavioral/cognitive behavioral and eclectic counselors.
3. There were no significant experience effects.
The stigma against seeking help for mental illness was prevalent among veterans. It was crucial to define stigma and understand the two types, public stigma and self-stigma. Stigma was a negative and erroneous attitude about a person; it was a prejudice or negative stereotype, as defined by Corrigan and Penn (1999). Public stigma, in regards to mental illness, was the reaction of the general public toward people with mental illness. Self-Stigma was the internalization of how the general public portrayed people with mental illness and the belief in the