Poverty and Sustainable Development

Poverty and Sustainable development

Introduction: What we mean by poverty? And what we mean by Sustainable Development? And many people are not clear about the relation between poverty and Sustainable Development. They think two of them are different topic. But no it’s wrong. There is a strong relationship between two of them. Poverty is a condition or result of the Un-sustainability. So if we want to develop our Sustainability we should consider and focused deeply on the poverty. Now I am giving my own views about these two topics.
Generally we know that poverty is that kind of situation which makes people unable to fulfill their basic human needs and who cannot fulfill their basic needs properly and their living condition is low called as poor people. Otherwise usually Sustainable Development is a process use for balancing to fulfill of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be use or fulfilled not only in the present, but also in the indefinite future. Poverty and equity is one of the key principles of sustainable development.
Poverty is not a single issue it is now a multidimensional social phenomenon and the whole world is suffering for this. It is not only a problem now it a great challenges for the development practitioners, researchers, governments, multinational corporations and non-government organizations. Without this there are a lots of things are related in this matter. One thing is most important that now this issue is affecting our sustainability. If we want to implement our future sustainable process, we should consider this matter with great importance. Moreover, social development, economic well-being and environmental sustainability are interdependence with each other. To make the development sustainable we need to focus all of them, nothing is less importance. International Human Rights law, poverty law and sustainable development are also related each other. We know International Human Rights give all types of rights for human beings and its give economic, social and cultural rights. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has provided legal support for the principle of equity and the eradication of poverty. I think poverty, equity, human rights, healths are not separate subject they are closely link each other and one works is affect another one. One question here comes that is poverty a violation of human rights? Human rights have given all kinds of rights but why people are living in poverty line why people are suffering lots for this poverty? Some expert of Office of the High Commission for Human Rights (OHCHR) and UNEP comment that poverty is at the main reason for the violations of many types of human rights and is all at once a big barrier for achieving sustainable development and environment and environmental protection. And if the nations and international levels take a right approach on this matter than it can be helpful to implement the policies and programmers’ to remove this problem. The Agenda 21 has made a special chapter for the poverty eradication it’s discussed broadly in chapter 3 about this topic. The UN has extra Originations who are working for Poverty and some other social issue. In sustainable development indicators poverty is laying down in social. But with other indicators are needed to improve this indicator. Within a sentence there are a numerous numbers of Organizations and Country are taking steps and providing special attention in this regard. My paper I will discuss about poverty and sustainable development, what are the relations between them, how are they intertwined and poverty and some legal articles some reports and case study, interviews, analysis and so on.
Problem formulation:
What we mean by poverty?
Generally we mean poverty is shortage of basic human needs including accommodation, foods, cloths, and education, proper treatment or medical care, sanitations and so on. But it’s only not confined with shortage. Poverty is lacking rights and demand, its powerless its point out those treaty or behave that poor people get. Poverty is lacking dignity; poverty is a minimum standard of living. Poverty can be lacking fresh water poverty can be lacking fresh air. It’s something which has no broader no limitations no religion no culture. In the time of age people write literature about poverty. There are some definitions of poverty are given below:
The definition agreed by the World Summit on Social Development in Copenhagen in 1995: Poverty is a severe condition of human being with a deprivation of basic human needs like foods, shelter, medical care, safe drinking water, sanitations facilities, education, and information. It also gives importance lacking of income and productive resources for making sure the sustainable livelihood. It also include hunger and malnutrition, ill-health, lack access to education and other basic services which makes homelessness, unsafe environment, social discrimination and exclusion. It also defined the limited or lacking to participate in decision-making about the social, cultural and political grounds. It happen all countries but the large part happening in the developing country.
The UN definition of poverty: ‘‘Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow one’s food or a job to earn one’s living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living on marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation.’’3
Dr. David Gordon has given an interesting definition about poverty in his paper “Indicators of Poverty & Hunger“: He indicates eight basic human needs to define poverty these are 1. Food 5. Shelter 2. Safe drinking water 6. Education 3. Sanitations facilities 7. Information 4. Health 8. Access to services But among them he indicates 2 or more severe deprivations of basic needs. He explains elaborately about those indicators.
Food: Body mass index of under 16 (severe underweight)
Safe drinking water: Water only come from the surface grounds like ponds and river to drink and to do other households work and it comes with 15 minutes or more walks in from the nearest sources.
Sanitations facilities: Don’t have any kind of toilets in their own or public latrines.
Health: For women who can’t get treatment from present serious illness cannot get help from giving birth time, cannot get antenatal care and who did not receive a tetanus inoculation during her pregnancy. For the man who cannot get treatment in acute present illness.
Shelter: Living 4 or more people in a room and the floor can be made by mud, clay or dirt.
Education: Who are being illerate and who never go school?
Information: Who have no access of any kind of information sources in their home such as television, radio, newspapers, or mobile phones.3 from Indicators of Poverty & Hunger
Dr David Gordon,Professor of Social Justice,School for Policy Studies,University of Bristol
European Union Definitions of poverty: The EU at first divided the poverty two types are extreme or acute poverty and relative poverty.
Extreme poverty: When people are unable to get their basic necessities to survive and also have to struggle to stay alive or who have to starving without food, cannot get clean water, medical facilities, proper shelter or adequate cloths. It’s occurs mainly in developing countries and also some of the European people are suffering with extreme poverty.
Relative poverty: When people are living in poverty life has a much insufficient income and living in a low living standard level in their society. As a result they are pain with many disadvantages like unemployment, low income, poor housing, inadequate health care and barriers to lifelong learning, culture, sport and recreation. And they are excluded from the participation of some activities which are the general norms of people such as social, economic and cultural activities. In general they their fundamental needs have limitations.4 http://www.poverty.org.uk/summary/eapn.shtml
Human Rights and Poverty: In the view from Human Rights poverty is not only a problem it’s also a right, freedom and improve the human dignity. It is also a great violation of Human Rights. In the light of Human Rights poverty is that situation of human being that is shortage of basic freedoms like freedoms from avoid to hunger, freedoms from illiteracy and illness and so on. In a word which types of rights are not fulfilling that can be defined as poverty. But one thing in important here all of the rights are not include here. Some of the basic rights and it should be earn to maintain the minimum human dignity for human being.
Poverty definitions can be different angles and with different views. These different like statistical definitions, income-based definitions, living standards definitions, political definitions, capabilities definitions, expert-derived and ordinary people-derived definitions, and social definitions of poverty. The statistical definition means that types of definitions that consider the figure, percentages, numbers when defined poverty. To use an example we can use the World Bank definitions. It defines poverty for the poorest country less than US $1.25 per a day and for the poor developing country less than US $2 per a day income. Here the World Bank uses the definitions using specific countries depends on poverty. Like this some other countries use this system as highly industrialized country Japan, USA, UK are trying to keep their income US $14 or US $26.19 a day . Poverty can be defined with the standard of living. Prominent writers such as Rowntree (1910), used the income ability and how to maintain their living standard. Rowntree defines poverty as “situation where the total earnings of a family are 'insufficient to obtain the minimum necessaries for the maintenance of merely physical efficiency'” 1 Sometimes is happens that some have high income but low level standard of living and on the contrary some have low income but high level standard of living. Like when one’s income and living standard of living is high than their income at that time the income are starting to falling down and they are life is getting a poverty line. However who have income is increasing and for the reason of getting employment good than their living standard starts good. All other definitions are using various components but it is true that all the result is coming to one trend. All of the views are looks like the same as lacking house, money, foods, and medical care and so on. Sometimes poverty definitions and it causes depend on gender, age, culture, social and other economic contexts. In gender for an example in a poor family the girl-child are forced from coming out the school if their family has also a boy-child is going to school. Their parents are unable to bear the expenses their both boy and girl children. As a result the girl is deprived to get proper education and eventually she has to get married early. And here like this the next generations are doing like this so their situation is going to unchangeable. Also the World Bank organizations have made analysis about the definitions poverty and they find out five major points regarding poverty. Firstly they point out some factors are try to make poverty a difficult and multidimensional subject, secondly as usual poverty are defined with some necessary daily things like foods, cloths health, land and some other assets. And for this poverty people are suffering from many diseases which are related with foods. In third there is a great physiological view which are disclose about the definitions about the poor people. Furthermore, there are some things are making them victim to be a poor and they are really lacking of them like power, voice and interdependence. Likewise when they are going for help to their country’s public or private authorities they are falling or they have to face some inhuman behave like rudeness, humiliation and inhuman treatment. And for this unavoidable violation of social norms hampering the management of their cultural identity and make them a far from participating their traditions, festivals and rituals. For this reason they cannot maintain the social community life and it leads to breaking down the social relations. In the fourth the poor people are cannot access basic infrastructure and they have to face a difficult for this, these basic infrastructure are transport, roads, water, health facilities. Lastly they are trying to give importance of their basic needs through the lacking of physical, social, human and environmental assets because without their basis needs they are facing a great risk and a vulnerable risk to survive. 2
1- REVISITING THE DEFINITION OF POVERTY, Gerald Nyasulu ,James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
2-chapter 2 the definitions of poverty http://siteresources.worldbank.org/
What we mean by Sustainable Development?
Sustainable Development is that kind of development that is not only helping the present generation to fulfill their needs but also helping the next generations to maintain their ability for fulfilling their future needs.
I want to start about sustainable development with the speech of Judge Christopher G. Weermantry. He said that ‘‘Sustainable Development is one of the most vibrant current topics in the development of domestic and international law. It is also one of the latest developed topics in international law, legal jurisprudence and scholarship’’. 5
Brundtland Report, 1987 has given the definitions of sustainable development. It lays down Sustainable Development is that kind of development or progress that fulfill or cover the present necessity without the consideration and compromising for the next or future generation to meets their necessity or needs just for cover their own needs.
From this definition we can get two types of concepts. Firstly the necessity of the world’s poor and especially it should be given more priority. Secondly the concept of limitations for meets the future needs and possibility for the environment which is imposed by the world state technology and social organization.
A sustainable Development main definition has come from the Brundtland Report. Society, Environment and Economy these three are the main components of sustainable development. They are not separate and they are intertwined and they are well-being are depends on each other. For example – a healthy society depends on a healthy environment which provides foods, resources, safe drinking water, and clean air for its citizen. And to maintain the society and environment we need a proper economic development, it maintain the balance of these tree components. Without these three another one is also important that is Institutional development. To implement and to balance these components institutional perform is making a good rule. It is true that Agenda 21 and sustainable development are not different things. Agenda 21 is the action plan for the implementation of sustainable development.
The main theme of Sustainable Development: According to the European Community Programme of policy and action in relation to the environment and sustainable development (2005) the main feature of the Sustainable Development are given below: 1- Maintaining the overall quality of life. 2- To maintain continuing access to natural resources 3- Avoiding lasting or enduring environmental damage. 4- To consider as sustainable a development this meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need.
Purpose and Hypothetical questions:
What are the relation between poverty and Sustainable Development?
I said before Poverty and equity are one of the main principles of Sustainable Development. It is one of the major indicators of Sustainable Development which is situated in the Social. It also related with the Environment, Social and Economic Law. In the of this Sustainable Development poverty is a unsustainable production and consumption patterns.
The Brundtland Report: The Brundtland Report 1987 discussed a lot about poverty and inequality. It is a boarder concept. We know the poverty is increasing day by day. The result of poverty making the income differences between developed and developing countries. This inequality is making the difference the life style or quality of life. We know most of the poor countries income depends on the export of the agricultural products. But with the increasing the world’s population the cultivate land is decreasing. This is making Ecological imbalance. People are cutting the hills for cultivate land. So it effects the Environment badly. As a result drinking water, clean air is not getting easily and day by day it will by difficult to get it. Environmental degradation also leads to increase the poverty. This Brundtland Report emphasized on the increasing interdependence of ecosystems and resource availability with the economic components of development. 6-united nations general assembly 42 session, report of the world commission on environment and development.
Johannesburg Plan of Implementation-Chapter 2: The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation has mainly focused on the environmental protection, developing social agenda and it also focused on poverty eradication, health and sanitation. It focuses on the eradication of poverty it called it is a running thing which it related multiple dimensions like safe water, clean water, sanitation and mainly the proper distribution of the facilities of the biodiversity. Eradication of poverty is a global challenge and which is a special requirement and principles of Sustainable Development. But it is a risk mainly for developing countries. It is a one great responsibility for all the countries to remove the poverty. All Sustainable strategy or targets and policies should be put at all levels and JOPI did like that. It added some actions some of them are given below: 1- Peoples which income is less than US $1 dollar, who are living suffering with hunger and who have not safe drinking water it reconfirm that in the 2015 it will be halve from now. 2- Want to make a solidarity funds to eradicate poverty and promoting the social and human development for the developing countries. 3- Progress for the national, local projects to sustainable development and improve the empowerment of the poor people and their associations. Moreover, this projects help them to get and easy access of productive resources , public services and institutions particularly land, water, employment opportunities, credit, education and health. 4- Also develop the women rights like increase the women participation and access for decision making, remove the gender discrimination for all forms of life, increase their status, health and economic well-being and full access for economic opportunity, land, credit, education and health-care services. 5- Improve the indigenous people and their communities economic activities increase their employment and help them by training and technical facilities. Help them to know about ecosystem and sustainability cultivate and for their economical and physical and cultural well-being. 6- Provide the basic health service for all kinds of people. 7- Making sure that both boys and girl children should get the primary education and also for access all levels of education. 8- Provide opportunity for access the agricultural resources, making ruler infrastructure, transportations, making the markets easy for them, developing the sustainable agriculture. Raising the foods production. 9- Increase the human health; improve sanitation, decrease infant and children morality rate and so on. 10- To transfer 100 slum peoples in a city without slum and increase their living condition by the year of 2020. 11- Taking necessary and immediate steps for stopping the child labor force and implement the process to eliminate child labor. 12- Increase the international assistance for the developing countries to identify child labor, its main reason. We know that the economic and social policies are used for the improvement of the poverty situation but the labor quality or standards not only should use for trade purpose.
The Rio Conference 1992: The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development known as Rio Conferences or Earth Summit. The United Nations accepted 27 principals on this Conference. This Conference mainly enlightened different Sustainable Development issues. On these principles it also told about Poverty like JOPI. It’s principle no 5 said that every country and cooperation should help and take effective measures to eradicate poverty which is a vital prerequisite for Sustainable Development. Also to make a better living quality for the poor people and help them to fulfill their needs. Its principle no 20 also point out about women rights and their participation due to create a Sustainable Development society.7. UN Conference on Environment and Development. (Rio de Janeiro, 1992)
Agenda 21 Chapter 3: Agenda 21 is a universal action plan for Sustainable Development for the 21st century. It’s made with forty chapters among them three no chapter is talked about combating poverty. For managing sustainability and environmental polices it necessary to take account the poverty eradication. Poverty free society is should be making by all counties equally or every country has the same responsibility to eradicate poverty, hunger, making a better equality income distribution and human resources. The aim of this program is to make all people for a standards living quality and also with also other progress and resources management. The others object are giving the facilities for everybody for living a sustainable environment. To eliminate poverty it’s needs the integration of sound sustainable development, resource mobilization, poverty eradication and alleviation, employment and income generation altogether. It’s taken a long-time process which main purpose to make a best sustainable situation for local, regional and national and that will help to eliminate poverty and to create equalities between various population groups. It should help more for some kind of special disadvantaged groups such as women, children and youth within those groups - and refugees and also with poor smallholders, pastoralists, and artisans, fishing communities, landless people, indigenous communities, migrants and the urban informal sector. To promote this program people’s association, women’s groups and international organizations is working as a essential resources of innovation, inspiration and action plan. Moreover, governments should assist the local, national, non-governmental international organizations and should support a collective approach to achieve sustainability livelihoods. To gain the sustainability the empowerment approach is also needed. Women should get full participation about decision making; indigenous people should get their rights. It also will build health care and maternal health facility it will help to get much food and remove hunger. It gives primary education and fresh drinking water and sanitation facilities. Eradication of poverty get a higher priority in Agenda 21 in the sector of implementation. Lastly to implement this program the Agenda 21 also needs national, international finical and technological support. If all the things can be get together than it will be easy to remove the poverty.

Chapter 9 of the Charter of the UN: Chapter 9 of the Charter of the United Nations is mainly discussed about International Economic and Social Co-operation. Its article no 55 is about the principles of equality and self-determination. To achieve these principles United Nations taken three factors they are:
1-higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;
2-solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and international cultural and educational cooperation; and
3-universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
Here it’s not only point out the standards of living it also focuses about health development and also about human rights. Finally it also featured about the principles of non- discrimination. Article 56, 57, 58, 59 are also discuss about those factors how to implement them. Its needs initiate negotiations, specialized agencies, and cooperation from every member’s states to achieve these factors.
ICUN- Draft International Convention on Environment and Development: The World Conservation Union in Co-operation with International Council with Environmental Law has given the principles of eradication of poverty in article number 9. It’s said that for sustainable development the elimination of poverty is an essential element which needs a universal co-operation. By making equality for the living standards and improving the quality of life for all mankind are important to make a decent society. Furthermore it‘s article no 27 is about the action to eliminate the poverty. Personally, with group, government or non-government and international organizations everywhere should takes proper steps to solve this problem. To eliminate the poverty it has taken 6 steps. They are like firstly empower the poor people to get their right to development. Secondly making personally for all people should use and control the resources such as land to get the sustainable life. Thirdly, suggesting people to use the resources for only to fulfill their basic needs. Fourth, give drinking water and sanitation. Fifth, provide education especially for girl children, women, rural and indigenous people. Sixth, develop the microfinance organizations and help microcredit systems. The International Day for Biological Diversity 22 may 2010: Biodiversity, Development and Poverty Alleviation were the theme of IDB in 2010. Its chapter 3 is about the contribution of biodiversity and its ecosystems to poverty and economic development. The world is mainly depends on ecosystems service and the world economic with national or local economic are also mostly depend on bio diversity and ecosystems. So agricultural and food production, fisheries, forestry, tourism are also depend on bio diversity and they played a curial role on the development of the economic. Lets us see what the relation about these thing with bio diversity. Agriculture is mainly depending on bio diversity systems. We know that farms are a sustainable source of food, breeding, and livelihoods, and breeding grounds for biodiversity as well as sinks for carbon, increased investments in sustainable agriculture are needed. And the sustainable agriculture is a good process to increase the food production and reducing poverty. In developing countries fisheries is a main source of income and main foods for many people. Fresh water, protecting the coastal communities and helping the management of fisheries and conserving bio diversity are needed to get a good fishery system. We know forest bio diversity play a vital role for human being providing by foods and sources of other things. It helps to gate fresh water, mitigate natural disaster, and remove the erosion, taking the carbon and so on. It has also a great role in the world economy. And here sustainability forest system is helping to reserve the ecosystems avoiding the shrinking and degrading forests. If we able to decrease timber wastage, biodiversity loss, and damage to residual trees and soil than it will help us to get bio diversity forest management system. Like others bio diversity has a vital function for tourism industry. Forests, national parks, mountains, coastal areas and also other ecosystems are the tourist spots and they are interrelated. So protecting the ecosystems perfectly then ecotourism is growing sub-sector of the tourism industry and is becoming an attractive livelihood option for rural communities. So balancing these four sectors with bio diversity will provide a great opportunity to reduce the poverty.
Method: I am using here the quantitative methods for making the relation between poverty and sustainable development. I took the answers in some questions from some people. These questions answers are given below:
Questionnaire:
Relation of poverty and sustainability 1. Can sustainable development remove poverty?
Yes
no
Please give comments to justify your answer:
Ans : a)- Yes sustainable development can remove poverty. Because sustainable development areas are society, economy, environment, culture, education, Human Rights, inequality and poverty reduction. Population growth and environmental changes resulting is poverty. Therefore education of sustainable should be addressing the issues of population growth. 2 Can the removal of poverty help us to stay sustainable? a) Yes b) No Ans: b) No- Not only the removal of poverty but also public awareness-raising, understanding of sustainable development and education can help us to stay sustainable. 3 Which types of country are responsible for loss of sustainable development? a) Developed Nations b) Developing/Poor Nations
Ans: b) - Developing/Poor Nation. 4 What is the main reason for losing sustainability? a) Poverty b) Lack of education c) Inequality of resource allocation d) Others (Please Specify):
Ans: b) - Lack of education. 5. What is the relation between poverty and sustainability? Answer: The relation between poverty and sustainability is – poverty is one who unable to afford basic human needs like food, clothing, education, health care and shelter on the other hand sustainability is expected to achieve many things like improving the human life quality. Population growth is major problem to sustainability. High fertility and poverty is one of the main reasons for population growth. According to the UN population fund, the world poorest countries have the highest fertility and population growth. So controlling population growth is important to remove poverty and then sustainability will possible. ( 1 st person) Questionnaire:
Relation of poverty and sustainability 1. Can sustainable development remove poverty? * a ) yes c) no * Please give comments to justify your answer:
Yes if the development is sustainable we can show development but for that we need to eradicate Literacy. We can take several measures that are utilization of resources for example Agriculture can also be considered as a primary potential source to fuel the growth of other sectors also. To overcome the critical constraints and to implement of development programs Nations has to make primary investment on Education and also has to ensure of taking care of utilization of water resources and ensure of food security. 2. Can the removal of poverty help us to stay sustainable? c) Yes d) No
No Wealth is not the main factor at the same time we need literacy also. Globally, one of the most stress able development problems in the next 15-20 years is growing rapidly is poverty. We need to follow an integrated approach to eradicate the poverty like handling the situations of wider range problems, Reaching all the people but cannot reach all the people in all activities Promoting sustainability by fostering partnerships that last beyond the life of project. 3. Which types of country are responsible for loss of sustainable development? d) Developed Nations e) Developing/Poor Nations
Developed nations because they are helping the developing nations by funding them but not taking care about whether the fund was using properly or not. 4. What is the main reason for losing sustainability? 2. Poverty 3. Lack of education 4. Inequality of resource allocation 5. Others (Please Specify):
All of the above are causes for losing sustainability. Rather than using the natural resources we are spoiling the natural resources through our highly life of using refrigerators and so on causing for a global warm effect By way of explanation Developed countries alarmed the directed threatening consequences of such phenomena as rising sea levels and melting ice. Due to the loss of sustainability there may be effects in water problems, droughts, food shortages, mass migrations, pandemics, civil unrest, political instability and no relief camps etc. 5. What is the relation between poverty and sustainability? Answer: The relation between poverty and sustainability is Aggregation. In future Poverty Eradication is thus an overriding theme of sustainable development.
Poverty Alleviation through environment protection:
The poorer we are the harder environmental issues hit us Apart from the employment poor people suffers the most unhealthy work environments. Most of the poor people effected by land degradation and loss of bio diversity as they often directly depends on the natural resources.
Strengthening increasing Options and Livelihood strategies:
Caring for natural resources so that they can be used indefinitely is an important way of increasing people’s livelihood options that is nothing but protection and restoration. For example we can eradicate poverty by using resources such as marine species breed, farming, crafts and tourism.
The relation between poverty and sustainability are depends on each other to eradicate poverty we need to be sustainable the above explained are among the considerations. ( 2nd person)
Questionnaire:
Relation of poverty and sustainability
1 . Can sustainable development remove poverty? Yes No
Please give comments to justify your answer:
Only equal allocation of resources can remove poverty. 2. Can the removal of poverty help us to stay sustainable?
a)Yes
b) No

3. Which types of country are responsible for loss of sustainable development?
a)Developed Nations
b) Developing/Poor Nations 4. What is the main reason for losing sustainability? 6. Poverty 7. Lack of education 8. Inequality of resource allocation 9. Others (Please Specify): 5. What is the relation between poverty and sustainability? Answer: Poverty forces people to damage sustainability. ( 3 rd person)

Questionnaire:
Relation of poverty and sustainability 1. Can sustainable development remove poverty?
A )Yes
Please give comments to justify your answer: Lang term development is always better than short sighted ad-hoc activities. Most often people are not involved in short term projects. Some countries or companies can for example drill a well, but that's it, no further help or development. In the worst case, were maintenance is needed, the well or machines will be out of order soon, thus the aid was useless.

2. Can the removal of poverty help us to stay sustainable? b) No: Bad example are all the rich, developed countries, none of them are "sustainable". Some Europe countries are good in recycling, but that is only a small part, though better than nothing.

3. Which types of country are responsible for loss of sustainable development?
a) Developed Nations: Reason: Money rules, e.g. Big agricultural companies are buying farming land in e.g. Africa and use industrial farming techniques, with no respect to the local factors. 4. What is the main reason for losing sustainability? A . Poverty: One point, somebody with empty stomach does not care about the environment. Example: Rain-forest deforestation in Brazil. B . Lack of education: In my opinion, old, traditional farming techniques are quite sustainable, e.g. crop rotation is used in Europe since Roman times (German: "Dreifelderwirtschaft") C .Inequality of resource allocation: Could be, one current example could be the Unconventional Natural Gas drilling using "fracking" methods. Or energy intensive oil extraction in Canada from oil-sands (Athabasca) d. Others (Please Specify): Capitalism, money rules, and sustainability do not provide and short term profit. 5. What is the relation between poverty and sustainability? Answer: See 4a)
If you are hungry you don’t care. Furthermore poverty causes several other effects, like low education, health problems, bad or none sanitation systems at all, which badly effects the environment. ( 4 th person) Questionnaire:
Relation of poverty and sustainability 1. Can sustainable development remove poverty? A) Yes
B) No
Please give comments to justify your answer:
It can help to remove poverty but it cannot fully remove poverty because there are others reasons for poverty.

2. Can the removal of poverty help us to stay sustainable?
a)Yes
b) No

3. Which types of country are responsible for loss of sustainable development? a) Developed Nations b) Developing/Poor Nations 4. What is the main reason for losing sustainability? a) Poverty b) Lack of education c) Inequality of resource allocation d) Others (Please Specify): 5. What is the relation between poverty and sustainability? Answer: Poverty is one of threats of sustainability among many. (5 th person) Questionnaire:
Relation of poverty and sustainability

1. Can sustainable development remove poverty?
a) Yes

Please give comments to justify your answer:
Sustainable development to some extent can reduce poverty as sustainable development means usage of resources in order to meet human needs and preserving the environment. From the point of view of Economics if a particular country implements sustainable development then the unemployment rate will decrease which will lead to a reduction of unemployed workers and that will trigger a reduction of poverty.

2. Can the removal of poverty help us to stay sustainable?
a) Yes

3. Which types of country are responsible for loss of sustainable development?
a) Developing/Poor Nations

4. What is the main reason for losing sustainability?
a) Lack of education

5. What is the relation between poverty and sustainability? Answer: I personally believe that there is not much relation between poverty and sustainability as poverty means reduction of wealth among some parts of a population and sustainability means the ability to endure limits ecologically or preserving the environment. (6 th person)

Questionnaire:
Relation of poverty and sustainability 1. Can sustainable development remove poverty? a) Yes b) No
Please give comments to justify your answer:
By sustainable development we can keep our resources for removing poverty.

2. Can the removal of poverty help us to stay sustainable? a) Yes b) No

3. Which types of country are responsible for loss of sustainable development? a) Developed Nations b) Developing/Poor Nations 4. What is the main reason for losing sustainability? a) Poverty b) Lack of education c) Inequality of resource allocation d) Others (Please Specify): 5. What is the relation between poverty and sustainability? Answer: Because of poverty developing nations do damage environment which lead us to loss of sustainability. ( 7th person)