Powerpoint Intro To Endocrine System
CHEMICAL SIGNALS
MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
Endocrine System: a system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body function
Hormones: chemical messengers or regulators
• they are released by cells in one part of the body and affect cells in other parts of the body to speed up or slow down processes. Endocrine Hormones – are produced in glands and secreted directly into the blood and distributed by the circulatory system. Makes hormones and regulates the pituitary gland
Pineal gland (makes serotonin which regulates sleep patterns) Not a gland
How do Hormones Signal Cells?
• Note: Hormones do not affect ALL cells
• Depends on whether or not that cell has a receptor for the
particular hormone.
• There are 2 types of hormones:
1. Steroid Hormones
2. Protein Hormones
Steriod Hormones
• made from cholesterol (lipid);
• Complex ring of C, H, and O
• Soluble in fat but NOT water
• - ex: sex hormones
• - ex: cortisol (stimulates the conversion of amino acids to
glucose by the liver)
Steroid Hormones
HORMONE
RECEPTOR
Protein Hormones
• Made of chains of amino acids
• Soluble in water
• Ex: insulin, growth hormone
• The protein hormones attach to receptor sites on the cell
membrane
• The hormone-receptor complex leads to the production of the enzyme adenylyl cyclase which causes the cell to convert
ATP into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
• Cyclic AMP then activates enzymes in the cell.
Protein
Hormones
Control Systems
• The body relies on the nervous system and the endocrine
system for control of organs and tissues
• The nervous system allows the body to adjust quickly to
environmental changes
• The endocrine system is designed to maintain control over
longer durations
• The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland through
nerve stimulation
• However, endocrine glands – which are stimulated by the
pituitary gland – secrete chemicals that affect nerve activity of the hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland (The Master Gland)
• “master
MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
Endocrine System: a system of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body function
Hormones: chemical messengers or regulators
• they are released by cells in one part of the body and affect cells in other parts of the body to speed up or slow down processes. Endocrine Hormones – are produced in glands and secreted directly into the blood and distributed by the circulatory system. Makes hormones and regulates the pituitary gland
Pineal gland (makes serotonin which regulates sleep patterns) Not a gland
How do Hormones Signal Cells?
• Note: Hormones do not affect ALL cells
• Depends on whether or not that cell has a receptor for the
particular hormone.
• There are 2 types of hormones:
1. Steroid Hormones
2. Protein Hormones
Steriod Hormones
• made from cholesterol (lipid);
• Complex ring of C, H, and O
• Soluble in fat but NOT water
• - ex: sex hormones
• - ex: cortisol (stimulates the conversion of amino acids to
glucose by the liver)
Steroid Hormones
HORMONE
RECEPTOR
Protein Hormones
• Made of chains of amino acids
• Soluble in water
• Ex: insulin, growth hormone
• The protein hormones attach to receptor sites on the cell
membrane
• The hormone-receptor complex leads to the production of the enzyme adenylyl cyclase which causes the cell to convert
ATP into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP)
• Cyclic AMP then activates enzymes in the cell.
Protein
Hormones
Control Systems
• The body relies on the nervous system and the endocrine
system for control of organs and tissues
• The nervous system allows the body to adjust quickly to
environmental changes
• The endocrine system is designed to maintain control over
longer durations
• The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland through
nerve stimulation
• However, endocrine glands – which are stimulated by the
pituitary gland – secrete chemicals that affect nerve activity of the hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland (The Master Gland)
• “master