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pragmatics
Aristotle :(384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics,politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology
Aristotle's scientific method :Like his teacher Plato Aristotle's philosophy aims at the universal . Aristotle however found the universal in particular things , which he called the essence of things , while Plato finds that the exists apart from particular things .

Catharsis: catharsis is a Greek word meaning purification cleansing or clarification . it is derived from the infinitive Ancient Greek.
Dramaturgical uses
Using the term 'catharsis' to refer to a form of emotional cleansing was first done by the Greek philosopher Aristotle in his work Poetics. It refers to the sensation, or literary effect, that would ideally overcome an audience upon finishing watching a tragedy
Hamlet
In Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet: Prince of Denmark, the peripeteia occurs in Act 3 scene 3 when Hamlet sees King Claudius praying alone. It is the perfect opportunity to avenge his father and kill Claudius. Hamlet draws his sword, but then hesitates. He realizes that Claudius is praying, and that if he killed Claudius, then Claudius would go straight to heaven and Hamlet would not have avenged his father. The irony of the situation is that, unbeknownst to Hamlet, Claudius cannot ask for forgiveness for murdering his brother because he is “still possessed/ Of those effects for which I [Claudius] did the murder. This scene marks Hamlet’s point of no return in avenging his father and his hesitation allows Claudius to constantly be one step ahead. In the end, it is Hamlet’s hesitation that causes the death of himself, his mother, Laertes, and Ophelia. The downfall of the hero is because of an act done in error rather than from a character flaw, so therefore, the character is responsible, at

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