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Presidential Form of Democracy

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Presidential Form of Democracy
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Satellite Communications
Reference book:
Satellite Communications, 3rd ed.
Dennis Roddy
McGraw-Hill International Ed.

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www.jntuworld.com

1.1 Introduction
Features offered by satellite communications
‡ large areas of the earth are visible from the satellite, thus the satellite can form the star point of a communications net linking together many users simultaneously, users who may be widely separated geographically
‡Provide communications links to remote communities
‡Remote sensing detection of pollution, weather conditions, search and rescue operations.

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www.jntuworld.com

1.2 Frequency allocations
‡ International Telecommunication Union
(ITU) coordination and planning
‡ World divided into three regions:
± Region 1: Europe, Africa, formerly Soviet
Union, Mongolia
± Region 2: North and South America,
Greenland
± Region 3: Asia (excluding region 1), Australia, south west Pacific

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www.jntuworld.com

‡ Within regions, frequency bands are allocated to various satellite services:
‡Fixed satellite service (FSS)
‡Telephone networks, television signals to cable

‡Broadcasting satellite service (BSS)
‡Direct broadcast to home Astro is a subscription-based direct broadcast satellite (DBS) or direct-to-home satellite television and radio service in Malaysia and Brunei

‡Mobile satellite service
‡Land mobile, maritime mobile, aeronautical mobile

‡Navigational satellite service
‡Global positioning system

‡Meteorological satellite service www.jntuworld.com www.jntuworld.com

Frequency band designations in common use for satellite service

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www.jntuworld.com

1.3 Intelsat
‡ International Telecommunications Satellite
‡Created in 1964, now has 140 member countries, >40 investing entities
‡Geostationary orbit

orbits earth`s equitorial plane.

‡Atlantic ocean Region (AOR), Indian Ocean Region
(IOR),
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