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Presion Arterial

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Presion Arterial
LA PRESION ARTERIAL
Una de las mediciones que se toman durante un examen medico sistematico es la presion sanguinea arterial. El instrumento para tal medicion, un esfingomanometro, consta de una faja inflable (la manga), una bombilla de hula con un conducto y un tubo de vidrio con mercurio (manometro). La manga se enrolla en la parte superior del brazo y luego se infla mediante la bombilla de hule. El medico coloca el diafragma del estetoscopio sobre un vaso sanguineo en la parte anterointerna del codo y lentamente reduce la presion de la manga.
Cada latido del corazon envia dos onzas de sangre desde los ventriculos a las elasticas arterias. La contraccion (sistole) del ventriculo que actua sobre la sangre causa una elevacion en la presion. En tanto el ventriculo se llena de sangre, esta relajado (diastole) y la presion arterial en el ventriculo es cero. En la arteria que recibe la sangre durante la sistole, la presion baja (aunque no a cero). Asi con cada latido del corazon hay una elevacion y un descenso en la presion de la arteria y una expansion y contraccion correspondientes en la pared arterial.
Cuando la manga de la presion arterial se infla, la arteria de la parte superior del brazo se colapsa al ser mayor la presion aplicada externamente a la arteria que la ejercida por la sangre dentro del vaso. Cuando la presion en la manga se reduce gradualmente, los primeros chorros de sangre pasan por la arteria y causan un sonido intermitente que puede oirse con el estetoscopio. Una mirada al manometro en ese momento muestra la maxima presion en la arteria, la presion Sistolica y esta se registra en milimetros de mercurio. Cuando la presion de la manga se reduce mas, la presion es suficientemente baja de modo que la sangre fluye por la arteria sin ninguna intermitencia (los sonidos palpitantes ya no se oyen mediante el estetoscopio). Esta lectura en el manometro corresponde a la presion Diastolica, cuando el corazon esta en reposo entre las contracciones, y las

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