PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT
SECTION – A
PART ONE:
Multiple Choices:
1. Future
2. Staffing
3. Departmentation
4. Acceptance Theory
5. Decentralization
6. Master Chart
7. Downward Communication
8. Social Needs
9. Staffing Defined
10. Counseling
PART TWO:
1. What do you understand by Maslow’s Theory of Motivation? According to “Abraham Maslow” the behaviour of an individual at a particular moment is usually determined by his strongest need. Needs have a certain priority or hierarchy. As the more basic needs are satisfied an individual seeks to satisfy the higher needs. If his basic needs are not met, efforts to satisfy the higher needs should be postponed. Once a need is satisfied it loses its capacity to induce the man to work. Only unsatisfied needs or fresh needs can motivate persons to work. As soon as the lower level needs are satisfied. Those on the next higher level emerge. Thus, he considered an individual’s motivation behaviour as a predetermined order of needs. According to Maslow, the basic human needs are set in a hierarchy as follows:
1. Physiological Needs.
2. Security and safety Needs
3. Social Needs
4. Esteem or ego needs
5. Self – actualization needs.
2. Define Management By Objectives. According to John Humble - Management By Objectives or “MBO is a dynamic system which integrates the company’s need to achieve its goals for profit and growth, with the manager’s need to contribute and develop himself.”
In other words, MBO is a dynamic system of management; it recognizes the need of the manager to achieve and to grow on the job and it integrates the individual needs and the organisational needs. George Oriorne - “MBO is a system wherein the superior and the subordinate manager of an organisation jointly define its common goals, define each individual’s major areas of responsibility in terms of the results expected of him and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing the contribution of each of its members.”
According to
PART ONE:
Multiple Choices:
1. Future
2. Staffing
3. Departmentation
4. Acceptance Theory
5. Decentralization
6. Master Chart
7. Downward Communication
8. Social Needs
9. Staffing Defined
10. Counseling
PART TWO:
1. What do you understand by Maslow’s Theory of Motivation? According to “Abraham Maslow” the behaviour of an individual at a particular moment is usually determined by his strongest need. Needs have a certain priority or hierarchy. As the more basic needs are satisfied an individual seeks to satisfy the higher needs. If his basic needs are not met, efforts to satisfy the higher needs should be postponed. Once a need is satisfied it loses its capacity to induce the man to work. Only unsatisfied needs or fresh needs can motivate persons to work. As soon as the lower level needs are satisfied. Those on the next higher level emerge. Thus, he considered an individual’s motivation behaviour as a predetermined order of needs. According to Maslow, the basic human needs are set in a hierarchy as follows:
1. Physiological Needs.
2. Security and safety Needs
3. Social Needs
4. Esteem or ego needs
5. Self – actualization needs.
2. Define Management By Objectives. According to John Humble - Management By Objectives or “MBO is a dynamic system which integrates the company’s need to achieve its goals for profit and growth, with the manager’s need to contribute and develop himself.”
In other words, MBO is a dynamic system of management; it recognizes the need of the manager to achieve and to grow on the job and it integrates the individual needs and the organisational needs. George Oriorne - “MBO is a system wherein the superior and the subordinate manager of an organisation jointly define its common goals, define each individual’s major areas of responsibility in terms of the results expected of him and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing the contribution of each of its members.”
According to