Cheeseman is an instructor of Criminal Justice at Old Dominion University. She has published articles including, Deviant Behavior, Corrections Management Quarterly and Criminal Law Bulletin. Del Carmen is Distinguished Professor of Criminal Justice (law) at Sam Houston State University. He published a variety of books and articles in relation to law. Worley is and ABD at Sam Houston State University, he had published articles in relation to correctional offer-inmate inappropriate relationships. His research includes sex offender registration, family violence and white collar-crime. The audience that they are intended to have are educated individuals who are concerned with the way the prisons are controlled. They have looked at previous quantitative…
Rape is a crime that is not regularly reported in the United States and out of the 14 to 25 percent of women who are raped; only one tenth to a half of those actually reports the incident to law enforcement. That apprehensiveness in reporting rape can be accredited to some rape myths existing in the United States and those who agree with those myths are more apt to not believe the victim and place the responsibility of the attack on the victim instead of the perpetrator.…
In 2003, the Bush Administration signed the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA, P.L. 108-79), the purpose of which is to address the increasing problem of sexual abuse within U.S. correctional facilities. The Act is applicable to all public and private institutions as well as community-based agencies housing adults or juveniles. In accordance with PREA protections, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has recently released national standards; under this Act, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is expected to conduct a comprehensive annual assessment and statistical review of the incidence and effects of prison rape (DOJ, 2012).…
Out of those women who are incarcerated approximately 44% have no high school diploma or GED, 61% were unemployed, 80% women are mother and 42% were sexually abused, and 10% expecting babies in prison. Female inmate coped inside the prison is their development of family-like environment with the other female prisoners, they are more less genuinely consensual rather than coerced; most violence in prison is based on jealousy or possessiveness than violence. Most women who are being incarcerated because of domestic violence, they are likely to have histories of physical abuse; 57% of adult women were victims of physical or sexual abuse perpetrated by boyfriend or husband. This is will caused for them to react violent towards their abuser once they finally reach enough. Also, sex industry activity, drugs is a major contributor to female crime, female offender use drugs more often than male. Most women commit violent crime larceny, theft, fraud, and mental health issues. Most female offenders were mothers, they face losing custody of their…
In 2003 the United States Congress crafted a wide-ranging legislative response to prison rape. The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 also known as PREA was passed unanimously by the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Prison Rape Elimination Act established a "zero-tolerance standard" for prison rape and mandated that the U.S. Department of Justice "make the prevention of prison rape a top priority in each prison system.” One of the main goals of PREA is to increase the data and information on the incidence of prison rape to help improve management and administration in regard to sexual violence in correctional facilities. The law also created an independent National Prison Rape Elimination Commission, which was charged with studying…
“The female prison population in the United States continues to grow at an alarming rate. Specifically, from 2000 through 2009, the number of women incarcerated in state or federal prisons rose by 21.6 percent, compared to just a 15.6 percent increase for men” (Ajinkya. 2013. Pg. 1). While most prisons have almost triple the amount of males then they do females, the rising numbers of women being incarcerated causes major problems not just for the women themselves but also for their families and the people that count on them the most. With every female that gets incarcerated comes new issues that correctional facilities have to provide answers for. This paper will discuss not only why women need some of…
As research unveils that women, regardless of age and race, have a high risk of experiencing sexual assault, the U.S. Government has responded with differing attempts at definition of sexual assault and legislature that protects victims. Over the years, these laws and policies have transitioned into providing more concrete definitions of sexual assault and rape, who is at risk, and where do victims go for help. For example, the Uniform Crime Report (2004) defines forcible rape as “[t]he carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will.” A further definition of carnal knowledge is provided and incidents where it would be considered forcible rape. More recently, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2009) released a Frequently…
Sexual coercion is a problem in correctional institutions because there can be inmates intimidated by other inmates. The inmates who suffer from this abuse begin to live in fear. The abusers often prey on those who aren’t as strong, tough or mentally capable of understanding what’s going on. There are also younger victims that are also targets because they are new to the prison system. Most of the victims of this crime will never say anything out of fear that something worse may occur like death.…
This study emphasizes the fact that lives of prisoners are an understudied phenomenon in society. Researchers found that access into prisons for conducting personal interviews were difficult due to the increase of prison population over the past three decades. Researchers also realized that prisoners who were incarcerated or released preferred not to discuss their experiences behind bars for their personal safety and well-being. In the United Sates, prisons occupy over two million inmates in which ninety percent are males. Majority of male prisoners are from low income communities and are persons of color. Since many inmates are also suffering from mental illness or need treatment for rehabilitation, mental health services in prisons are now in demand. By understanding needs of incarcerated men, researchers can collect data about gendered behavior such as masculinity in the prison setting as well as gender dynamics. As a result, this article explains how toxic masculinity creates obstacles for prisoners when it comes to mental health treatments in men’s prisons. Toxic masculinity consists of regressive male traits that focus on domination, degrading of women, homophobia, and violence. This is usually seen when inmates get involved with physical fights against other prisoners or officers as well as prison rape or other violent interactions. Obviously this does not represent all prisoners because some of them do not fit the description of toxic masculinity. Since these characteristics of toxic masculinity are essential in the prison environment, male inmates are more resistant to receive psychotherapy from correctional institutions because it makes them look weak and emotional in front of others.…
Throughout the years, the idea of feminism surfaced and changed the viewpoints of many, while breaking down barriers that formerly prevented both genders from being viewed as equals. Some additional struggles female offenders were faced with was that they came into the prison as victims of emotional and sexual abuse, poor, and uneducated. Women “in modern prisons continue to be overpoliced and overcontrolled” (Gideon, 2012, p. 23). Male inmates were subjected to sexual exploitation and humiliating strip searches.…
Throughout the years there have been many injustices that have come about pertaining to how juveniles have been treated while incarcerated. I strongly believe that if more time and money was spent on juveniles then they would be able to benefit for being in a detention center and become a productive member of society when they are released. If things continue to stay the same America will continue to see more and more men in prison. In this paper I will inform you about the sexual abuse that pertains to both male and female juveniles, and the lack of mental health care that is offered to them. Along with the problems each of these causes. These two issues are of great concern to me, because if they were focused on more teens would be less likely to return to adult jails in the future.…
Unlike in the past, the current century has seen a sudden increase in the number of convicted women. This is due to the presence of stiffer drug sentencing laws. On numerous occasions, the US prison system has been under the spotlight for biasness in regards to the gender of prisoners. Studies have pointed out that although the department of justice is supposed to be at the forefront in advocating for gender quality, there have been numerous occasions where this it has made decisions that are against this policy. For example, there are more African American in US correctional facilities compared to whites despite the fact that a majority of US citizens are whites. In addition to the racial discrimination, a majority of women in prisons suffer from sexual abuse, usually from the male guards who use every opportunity they get to abuse them sexually. For example, correctional officers use the body search session to abuse convicted women by touching their breasts and genitalia sexually. Similarly, after establishing the Inebriate Act in 1989, it was expected that more men than women would be committed to the established reformatories considering the fact that there were more male drunkards than women. However, the outcome was different as a higher percent of females than males was committed to these…
It was due to the numerous cases of sexual harassment among convicted women that resulted in the establishment of the Prison Rape Establishment Act of 2003. This act mandated the collection of all rape cases that took place in correctional facilities throughout the nation. According to the Act, 13% of female prisoners in the United States have been victims of rape (VanNatta, 2010, p. 30). Sexual abuse in prison usually takes place in various ways. Apart from physically overpowering a prisoner into a sexual contact, correctional officers can also abuse their prisoners by coercing them into a sexual act or inducing them with privileges in exchange for sexual favors (VanNatta, 2010, p. 32).…
I have conducting a few informal investigations to include but not limited to. Investigating allegation of staff misconduct and volitions of the Prison Rape Elimination Act. That was submitted to the Inspector General office for a formal investigation. I conducted investigation in which an officer was neglecting to perform his duties, was insubordinate to supervisors and was over friendly with inmates. My investigation included viewing video surveillance, talking to other supervisors and interviewing the correctional officer himself. The finding was submitted to the Associate Warden for final decision. I have investigated many of inmates fighting to see who was involved and what had taken place. I had to report who was involved, what had taken…
Dangers of Rape Trauma Syndrome La’Fattai Wheeler Dr. Susan Lentz CRJ 479: Violence Against Women Abstract Rape is a very traumatic experience that a person can have. It is hard to even imagine what goes on in the heads of those who have been harmed sexually by, for the most part, someone they know.…