Whoever, being an individual firm, company or corporation generally deals in the business of money and credit is called bank. In our country, any institution which accepts, for the purpose of leading or investment deposits of money form public, repayable on demand or otherwise, and with transferable by checks drafts order and otherwise can be termed as a bank.
The purpose of banking is to ensure transfer of money from surplus unit to deficit units. Banks in all countries work as the depository of money.
Since liberation, Bangladesh passed through fragile phases of development in the banking sector. The nationalization of banks in the post liberation period was intended to save the institutions ant the interests of the depositors.
The opening of Private and Foreign participants to the banking sector was intended to obtain desirable results from banking. The authorization of private banks was designed to cerate competition among the banks and competition in the form of efficiency with and the productivity in enterprises funded by banks.
BANKING SECTOR IN BANGLADESH:
INTRODUCTION:
The Jews in Jerusalem introduced a kind of banking in the form of money lending before the birth of Christ. The word 'bank' was probably derived from the word 'bench' as during ancient time Jews used to do money -lending business sitting on long benches.
First modern banking was introduced in 1668 in Stockholm as 'Svingss Pis Bank' which opened up a new era of banking activities throughout the European Mainland. In the South Asian region, early banking system was introduced by the Afghan traders popularly known as Kabuliwallas. Muslim businessmen from Kabul, Afghanistan came to India and started money lending business in exchange of interest sometime in 1312 A.D. They were known as 'Kabuliwallas'.
NUMBER AND TYPES OF BANKS:
The number of banks in all now stands at 49 in Bangladesh. Out of the 49 banks, four