problems

Plan:
1. Introduction
2.Main Part
A) We live on a very beautiful planet – on the Earth.
B) Pollution is the process of making the environment.
C) The major forms of environmental pollution
D) “Friends of the Earth” (FoE)
3. Conclusion

Introduction

So, pollution is one of the most burning problems of nowadays. Now millions of chimneys, cars, buses, trucks all over the world exhaust fumes and harmful substances into the atmosphere. These poisoned substances pollute everything: air, land, water, birds and animals people. So, it is usually hard to breathe in the large cities where there are lots plants. Everything there is covered with soot and dirt. All these affect harmfully. Environmental pollution is one of the most acute problems of modern society. The Earth is so polluted at the moment that serious measures are required to prevent global disasters. If in the past people lived in quiet rural areas without any pollution causing machines, today most people live and work in industrial areas, which are full of harmful fumes and gases. Large industrial cities pollute all surrounding natural resources, including water, air, and soil. The increasing number of factories makes the problem even worse. It gradually causes adverse changes in natural environment. The problem of pollution became especially serious after the World War II, when there was radioactive fallout from atomic warfare. Nuclear weapon continued to be tested during the Cold War.

We live on a very beautiful planet – on the Earth. Our planet has very rich resources: the bright blue of the sky, fresh, crystal-clear mountain lake water, the rich green of the mountains slopes, wild flower, picturesque views – all these sceneries of nature fill us with admiration.
That’s why those who live in cities prefer spending their days off and their holidays far from the noise of the city, to be closer to nature. Perhaps they like to breathe fresh air or to swim in clear water because the ecology is not so poor as in the cities.
Ecology is the study of the ways in which organisms (plants and animals) depend upon each other and upon their surroundings. Each organism requires conditions in order to be able to live and breed. These conditions are its environment by changing the ecological conditions.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances / energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution.
People have always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. In past most people lived in uncrowded rural areas and didn’t have pollution-causing machines. But with the development of crowded industrial cities the problem of pollution has become more important. Using automobiles and other machines made pollution steadily worse. Since the 1950’s people have become alarmed with the danger of environmental pollution.
Air, water, and soil are necessary for existence of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food products can’t be grown. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet.
Pollution is a very complicated and a serious problem. Automobiles are polluting the air but they provide fast transportation for the people. Plants and factories pollute the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and produce necessary goods. Fertilizers and pesticides are important for growing crops but they pollute soil. The Earth is the only planet in the solar system where there is life. If you look down at the Earth from a plane you will see how wonderful our planet is. You will see blue seas and oceans, rivers and lakes, high snow-capped mountains, green forests and fields. For centuries man lived in harmony with nature until industrialization brought human society into conflict with the natural environment. Today, the contradictions between man and nature have acquired a dramatic character. With the development of civilization man’s interference in nature has increased. Every year the world’s industry pollutes the atmosphere with millions of tons of dust and other harmful substances. The seas and rivers are poisoned with industrial waste, chemical and sewage discharge. People who live in big cities are badly affected by harmful discharge from plants and city transport and by the increasing noise level which is as bad for human health as lack of fresh air and clean water.
Among the most urgent problems are the ozone layer, acid rains, global warming, toxic pollution of atmosphere, disappearance of forests, contamination of underground waters by chemical elements, destruction of soil in some areas, threat to some flora and fauna representatives, etc.
The word, 'pollution' means to make dirty. Pollution causes imbalance in the environment. Environmental pollution is a serious problem. Nearly 35 percent of India's total land area is subject to serious environmental pollution.
Industrialization has led to urbanization, which has added to the pollution problem. Air pollution is the most dangerous form of pollution. land and water pollution have worsened the situation. Pollution causes several types of harmful disease. We must control pollution for our survival.
The word pollution 'pollution', has been derived form a Latin word, 'pollutionem,' which means to make dirty. Pollution is the process of making the environment. i.e. the land, water and air dirty by adding harmful substances to it. Pollution causes imbalance in the environment. This imbalance has threatened the very survival of life. It is a threat to the whole world.
Environmental pollution is a serious problem of the industrialized societies. The industrial development and the Green Revolution have adversely affected the environment. People have converted the life supporting systems of the entire living world into their own resources and have vastly disturbed the natural ecological balance. Serious degradation and depletion have been caused thought overuse, misuse and mismanagement of resources to meet the human greed.
Environmental pollution is defined as the unfavorable alteration of our surroundings. It is by product of man's activities through direct or indirect efforts of changes. These changes could be in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of land, air or water that harmfully affect human life or any desirable living thing. Human population explosion, rapid industrialization, deforestation, unplanned urbanization, scientific and technological advancement etc. are the major causes of environmental pollution. Nearly 35 percent of India's total land area is subjected to serious environmental pollution. Three fourths of the earth consists of water, yet there is is a scarcity of potable water. In India, all the sources of water like rivers, lakes, ponds and wells have been polluted and are unfit for drinking. As a result of the increased use of fertilizers, the rivers, seas and oceans have become contaminated with harmful pollutants. It is estimated that more than 500 tons of mercury enters the ocean every year. Oil slicks, pollution caused by the flow of industrial waste, sewage and fertilizer have also threatened the aquatic life.
Industrialization has led to urbanization. The migration of rural population to the cities in search of work has created an unhealthy environment. It ha led to overcrowding, establishment of slum areas. Towns and cities are full of smoke, fumes, dirt, dust, rubbish, gases, foul smell and noise. Air, water and land pollution have further worsened the very survival of human beings.
The emission of greenhouse gases has led to climatic changes. The increase in pollution has resulted in global warming. Global warming is an average increase in the Earth's temperature due to greenhouse effect as a result of both natural and human activity. The term climate is often used interchangeably with the term global warming. The ice-caps in the polar regions have begun to melt fast. This has resulted in the rise of the water level of the seas and oceans. Grass sprouting in Antarctica and snowfall in the desert of the United Arab Emirates are all the warning signals of global warming. These are caused by the Greenhouse Effect. India is a tropical country. Destruction of forests has to led to climatic changes. It has also led to the extinction of many rare species of wildlife.
Environmental pollution is one of the most acute problems of modern society. The Earth is so polluted at the moment that serious measures are required to prevent global disasters. If in the past people lived in quiet rural areas without any pollution causing machines, today most people live and work in industrial areas, which are full of harmful fumes and gases. Large industrial cities pollute all surrounding natural resources, including water, air, and soil. The increasing number of factories makes the problem even worse. It gradually causes adverse changes in natural environment. The problem of pollution became especially serious after the World War II, when there was radioactive fallout from atomic warfare. Nuclear weapon continued to be tested during the Cold War.
The major forms of environmental pollution include:
Air pollution, introduced by chemicals or other harmful materials emitted into the Earth’s atmosphere. This type of pollution causes human illnesses and damages living organisms.

Water pollution, introduced by water bodies’ contamination. Oceans, seas, rivers and lakes are full of pollutants which kill whole biological communities. This kind of environmental pollution is linked with to health issues in the life of humans, animals and plants. Most problems are caused by raw sewage running into stream waters, industrial waste, radiation spills, illegal dumping of chemical substances, etc.

Soil pollution, introduced by the presence of human-made chemicals in natural soil. This contamination is mainly caused by industrial and agricultural activity. Land pollution can be well caused by acid rains, deforestation, nuclear wastes or accidental spills.

Radioactive pollution, introduced by undesired presence of radioactive substances in liquids, gases, human body, solids or on surfaces. Such contamination is a real hazard, as it affects people, animals, and plants. It results from 20th century activities connected with nuclear weapon testing.

Noise pollution, introduced by excessive noise, which harms the balance of human life. Today there are so many different machines and motor vehicles that outdoor noise becomes simply unbearable and dangerous for health. Noise pollution can cause a rise in blood pressure, an increase in stress and even permanent hearing loss.

Visual pollution, introduced by an aesthetic issue, which brings negative changes to the environment. Examples of visual pollution include too many billboards, tall skyscrapers blocking the scenery, graffiti or tree carvings, space debris, etc.

Light pollution, introduced by excessive artificial light. Street lamps or simply unnecessary lights around the houses can cause light pollution, as they use more energy than needed. It affects human health and sleep cycle.

Thermal pollution, introduced by degradation of water quality and the increase of its temperature caused by human activity. For example, lakes warm up because of nearby manufacturing. This kind of contamination can seriously damage aquatic life.
So, we see that our environment offers an abundance of subject matter for discussion. The problems and prospects of the blue planet interest not only scientist and futurologists, but also politicians, industry, the public – and above all, young people! There is hardly a young person who is not conserved with the preservation of our natural habitat. To recognize environmental problems and master them, to reduce and avoid environmental pollution, to discover and develop ecologically sound technologies – there are the essential building blocks for our future.
Nowadays there are many different pressure and interests groups in British, which try to find solutions to the problems of pollution at the national and international level. So they are groups of people with a common interest in trying to draw the public attention to environment problems, to influence the government decisions.
Greenpeace is a very famous pressure group. It started functioning in 1971. Its headquarters are at Amsterdam, but it operates in 25 countries worldwide. The aim of Greenpeace is to protect wildlife of toxic wastes, nuclear tests.
“Friends of the Earth” (FoE) is one of the British pressure groups with an international reputation. Its general aim is to conserve the planet’s resources and reduce pollution. FoE was established in 1971 and now it operated in 44 countries worldwide. It campaigns among other things, for recycling and renewable energy, and the destruction of wildlife and habitat. The main campaigning issues of the FoE are:
• The protection of all animals and plants in danger of extinction.
• An end to the destruction of wildlife and habitats.
• A program of energy conservation measures, etc.
So, a number of campaigns resulted in:
• The ban or other hunting in England and Wales
• And indefinite delay in the construction of the Commercial East Breeder Reactor, etc.
But not only great groups can influence the problem of pollution. So, different people have their own opinions on this problem:
• The continued pollution of the earth, if unchecked, well eventually destroys the fitness of this planet as a place for human life. (B. Commoner).
• The Earth has enough for every man’s need, but not for man’s greed. (Ganlui).
And I agree with them because it is really so. And terrible examples prove them.
The Baltic Sea is a special case. Because it is such a small sea and it becomes dirty very easily. Its waster changes slowly through the shallow straits. As many as 250 rivers run into the Baltic. There are hundreds of factories in these rivers and millions of people live along them. Quite a lot of big cities lie on its coast. All these combined with the active navigation of the sea naturally affects the state of the sea water and the shore line flora and fauna. People suffer from the waster pollution; cancer deaths increase people’s concern.
And there is no escape from this ecological crisis without organizing a single body dealing with the environmental problems, developing and carrying out a nationwide program of environmental protection and co-operating with international schemes.
Population Fears.
Scientists now predict that by the year 2050 the population will be doubled what is today. The fact remains that the rate of food production fell behind population growth in many of developing countries. The annual fish catch already exceeds what the world ‘s oceans can successfully sustain. If we go on using our natural recourses at today’s rates, we will have used up the intire reserves of cooper, natural gas and oil by the year 2054.
But the problem ahead lie not so much in what we use but in what we waste. What faces us is not so much a recourse crisis as a pollution crisis. The only solution is to try to change the areas of consumption, technology and population. Changes in technology must be baked by slower population growth. And it can be achieved by education in health and women’s rights. And there is a little hope of reducing consumption over the next half century.

Conclusion When I look around I realize that not all people understand the importance of nature protection. On fine summer days a lot of people go out of town. They have picnics on the shores of lakes and the banks of rivers or on beautiful forest glades and they often leave behind a lot of rubbish- plastic bags and bottles, tins and paper. It makes me feel sad when I see people returning to town with huge bunches of forest or meadow flowers. Many of these plants are included into the Red Book which contains the names of rare plants and animals. Some of them have become extinct and others are on the verge of disappearing. If we don’t realize that we are all responsible for what’s happening around us we will never feel secure about the future of the world we live in.
What can be done to protect nature? I believe that environment disasters can be avoided if people broaden ecological education and every person understands that the beauty of nature is extremely fragile and people must obey the unwritten laws of nature. Governments must be prepared to take action against pollution. Air pollution could be reduced if plants and factories were made to fit effective filters on chimneys and car exhausts. Green zones around big cities must be protected and extended. Natural resources should be used economically because their stocks are not unlimited.