In this experiment a ketone, 9-fluorenone is reduced to and alcohol. The are two possible ways by which this reduction can occur. One is by a catalytic hydrogenation, this uses a catalyst such as palladium or nickel, hydrogen gas, and heat/pressure. This can reduced an alkane to alkene. This catalytic process is preferred in industrial practices because the cost is low in the long run and more importantly there is little to no waste expense. However, hydrogen gas is dangerous due to being very flammable/combustible. Therefore, a reducing agent will be used in this experiment instead. There are multiple types of reducing agents that reduce different types of functional groups and thus selection of the proper reducing agent is crucial.…
In this lab, the relationship between Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) and one of its host species, the Southern live oak (Quercus virginia) was observed on a portion of the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, FL. Spanish moss is an atmospheric epiphyte and the Southern live oak is a hardwood tree. Some possible interactions between the two species were neutralism, commensalisms, mutualism, and parasitism. It was hypothesized that the relationship would be commensalism, with Spanish moss benefited and the Southern live oak neither benefited nor harmed. The type of symbiotic relationship was determined using two factors, the relative health of the host oak tree and its relative load of Spanish moss. A two-way X2 test for independence was performed using the data recorded. Calculations gave a X2 value of 0.61 and p-value between 0.1 and 0.5, with one degree of freedom and the level of significance, α, equal to 0.05. Since the p-value was greater than the α value, the lab observations failed to reject Ho, and the conclusion was that the data supported no interaction between Spanish moss and the Southern live oak. Therefore, the lab observations did not support the hypothesis of commensalism between the two species.…
a legal principle by which judges are obliged to respect the precedents established by prior decisions…
Our world, as a whole, is facing great challenges that affect our current and long-term health. We are stuck on the availability of processed food and need to break this vicious cycle that we are in. We need to take responsibility for ourselves and stop blaming it on consumerism. The big food companies have made it almost impossible to cut them out because health food is more expensive than what they offer. They have hooked us not only because of its convenience, but also because of the foods addictive nature.…
The introduction to processed foods took the world by storm, with quicker food preparation, less time spent cleaning, drive-thru access and the introduction to new recipes. Long before processed foods such as the Twinkie, Honey bun, Spam, frozen dinners, milk, etc; people consumed more wholesome foods naturally loaded with nutrients the human body needed to sustain itself. Processed foods did not exist until the early 19th Century and have since become highly advertised and subsidized by the government. Whole foods on the other hand receive little advertisement and no government subsidies, leading people away from choosing a healthier lifestyle. I believe that processed foods may perhaps taste, look and smell better than their natural whole food counterpart does, yet can you really afford to risk your health for the sake of being happy you had the ability to choose your meal?…
The documentary Forks Over Knives investigates the allegation that most of the degenerative diseases that affect us can be controlled, prevented, or reversed, by rejecting our current diet of animal-based and processed foods. According to the documentary, about 40% of our population is obese and about 50% of us are taking at least one prescription drug. While cases of diabetes are mounting, especially amongst our younger Mexican American and African American population. Americans pay more per person in health insurance than any other country in the world, but we are the unhealthiest country. Heart disease and cancer are the country’s leading causes of death, with at least 1 million deaths each year, although billions are spent each year to…
Health problems are flooding America. Why? It is the unhealthy, toxic food that we are consuming every day, everywhere. To change America's path on health and food, we have to fix how we eat and know where our food come from. In the novel, The Omnivore’s Dilemma by Michael Pollan, the reality of our food is dived into. Pollan takes us on a journey where he explores the four food chains. Those four food chains that control America’s food consist of, Industrial, Industrial organic, Local sustainable and Hunter-gatherer. Industrial is what you find in most supermarkets the “cheap”, and full of additives, preservatives, and antibiotic food. Additionally, there is Industrial organic. This food chain is a bit healthier than it's partner Industrial,…
Everyday millions of people are consuming hazardous rations. Meat is consumed in huge amounts every year. The nutritional benefit of consuming less meat, body systems that are improved, and the horrors that are not discussed when meat production occurs will enlighten one and change lifelong choices. Vegetarianism contrary to popular belief is the healthier life style choice and one that will not be regretted.…
The United States has grown so much in the food industry from the past. One of the industries which accounts for most of the market in the US is the meat packing industry. The top 5 meat industries controlled 25% of the market back in 1970, and now that number has risen to an outstanding 80% of the market (“100 Days of Real Food”). This is indeed a great accomplishment for our country; however what is the secret behind these companies success? The answer is simple; Make and sell cheap food products and end up getting enormous income! When companies use this method, the food that they are selling is not of best quality and is always unhealthy for the consumers. Michael Pollan a food expert says, “Cows are not designed by evolution to eat corn. They’re designed by evolution to eat grass. And the only reason we feed them corn is because corn is really cheap and corn makes them fat quickly … The industrial food system is always looking for greater efficiency. But each new step in efficiency leads to problems. If you take feedlot cattle off their corn diet, give them grass or five days, they will shed eighty percent of the E. coli in their gut” (Foodincmovie). There have been many cases where children have died just by eating food that has been processed by the food industries. Barbara Kowalcyk, a woman whose 2-year old son went from a perfectly healthy boy to...…
Meat & Veggies: John Robbins, a food activist, writes, “…we often take for granted what may very well be the greatest danger of all to their health-the hundreds of billions of dollars spent each year on ads designed to get them hooked on junk food” (142).…
Meat is no longer the ‘pure animal’ that hunters used to catch, cook and eat. Over time, our animals have been altered in several different ways, in order to benefit the people, businesses and organizations that profit from producing meat in large quantities, at a much quicker pace. Today, farmers in this industry tend to induce the animals we eat with ‘steroid like’ hormones, to intensify the growth of the animals at a much higher rate. This speeds up the process of raising these animals, and helps the farmer’s product hit the market sooner and in a much bulkier state. This means more profit for the people who run these industries. But, should this situation be all about money? The reality is, like many other businesses, income is their main interest and a priority, regardless of the risks. And in this situation the risks they are taking affect the health of the consumers, the citizens of America. Author Kathy Koch wrote, “The U.S. government has declared that genetically engineered foods are as safe as foods developed through hybridization, but critics have doubts about the safety and need for transgenic, or genetically altered animals” (Koch, 1998). For this reason we must stop the contamination of these animals with unnatural chemicals like antibiotics and hormones before they can prove to damage the health of the people who consume them.…
How important is the food that the averages person puts into their bodies every day? Eating is a way of making peace, passing the time, sharing friendships, and having a communion. The narrator of Food Inc points out that, “The way we eat has changed more in the last 50 years than in the previous 10,000” (2008). How has it changed? Americans have gone from eating hunter-gatherer style organic greens and fruits, to severely processed sugars, carbohydrates, and high protein meats. Most Americans eat something similar to a “chicken and pasta” diet nowadays. This may not be bad, but is this “new” food really better for us than what people ate 50 and 100 years ago? Organic foods are substances that are produced using ways that do not involve modern unneeded synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Organic foods are also not processed using irradiation, industrial solvents, or chemical food additives (dictionary). Convenience food, or tertiary processed food, is commercially prepared food designed for ease of buying and consuming. Products designated as “convenience or processed foods” are often prepared so they can be sold as hot, ready-to-serve plates; as room-temperature, long lasting shelf life products; or as refrigerated or frozen products that require minimal preparation (usually just microwaving). There are studies that show that the food people consume on a daily basis…
10. The centralizations of food products, such as meat, in the home/society creates a major health risk to society because if only one contaminated piece of meat sneaks through the system, it can infect many other pieces of meat spreading major illnesses to whoever consumes the meat.…
The foods we buy and consume impact our everyday lives in a variety of ways from our health to the economy. The articles, “Escape from the Western Diet,” written by Michael Pollan, and “How Junk Food Can End Obesity,” written by David H. Freedman, both describe the supposed lifelong effects of changing your diet. Particularly, the effects that certain foods may have on the public’s health and issues with obesity. Pollan describes what a western diet lacks in its relation to vitamins, nutrients, and micronutrients, using this as an explanation for several illnesses, stating that a plant based diet is the key to better health. In contrast, Freedman argues that the lack of actual evidence that links the typical Western diet…
Michael Moss wrote the essay, “The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food”, to discuss the role that the food industry plays in America’s health crisis. He talks about the behind the scenes of the way junk food is manufactured, the science behind addictions to certain foods, and the rising numbers of obesity in both children and adults. It is important for Americans to have knowledge about the actions that companies are willing to take to protect their consumers.…