Production of Ethanol from Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Peel by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Cftri101
INTRODUCTION
The excessive consumption of fossil fuels, particularly in large urban areas, has greatly contributed to generation of high levels of pollution. There is a need for environmentally sustainable energy sources to find a viable and long-term substitute for liquid petroleum. As a step to solve this problem, the use or addition of biofuels to gasoline, which reduces emission of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons that form smog, has widely been enforced in recent years (Wyman, 1994). In this regard, India reforms are taken by blending 10 to 15% ethanol in its gasoline usages. Converting a renewable non-fossil carbon, such as organic wastes and biomass consisting of all growing organic matter (plants, grasses, fruit wastes and algae) to fuel would assure a continual energy supply (Wyman, 1996).
The economics of ethanol production by fermentation
*Corresponding author. E-mail: lvereddy@yahoo.com; yjwee@ynu.ac.kr. Tel: +91 92909 75611; +82 53 810 2951.
Fax: +82 53 810 4662. are significantly influenced by the cost of the raw materials, which accounts for more than half of the production costs
(Classen et al., 1999). To achieve a lower production cost, the supply of cheap raw material is thus a necessity.
Production of value added products from agro-industrial and food processing wastes is now a focusing area, as it reduces pollution in the environment in addition to energy generation. The annual availability of these wastes amounts to 1.05 billion tons (Anonymous, 2004). The major part of this is mostly discarded and it is the main source for increasing the pollution in environment on occasions and also, the discarding process become a very expensive step due to high transportation costs.
Majority of fruit and vegetable wastes available from their processing industries are seasonal and they do not decompose rapidly. The mechanical drying of these wastes (mango peel, citrus peel, pineapple peel and tomato processing
The excessive consumption of fossil fuels, particularly in large urban areas, has greatly contributed to generation of high levels of pollution. There is a need for environmentally sustainable energy sources to find a viable and long-term substitute for liquid petroleum. As a step to solve this problem, the use or addition of biofuels to gasoline, which reduces emission of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons that form smog, has widely been enforced in recent years (Wyman, 1994). In this regard, India reforms are taken by blending 10 to 15% ethanol in its gasoline usages. Converting a renewable non-fossil carbon, such as organic wastes and biomass consisting of all growing organic matter (plants, grasses, fruit wastes and algae) to fuel would assure a continual energy supply (Wyman, 1996).
The economics of ethanol production by fermentation
*Corresponding author. E-mail: lvereddy@yahoo.com; yjwee@ynu.ac.kr. Tel: +91 92909 75611; +82 53 810 2951.
Fax: +82 53 810 4662. are significantly influenced by the cost of the raw materials, which accounts for more than half of the production costs
(Classen et al., 1999). To achieve a lower production cost, the supply of cheap raw material is thus a necessity.
Production of value added products from agro-industrial and food processing wastes is now a focusing area, as it reduces pollution in the environment in addition to energy generation. The annual availability of these wastes amounts to 1.05 billion tons (Anonymous, 2004). The major part of this is mostly discarded and it is the main source for increasing the pollution in environment on occasions and also, the discarding process become a very expensive step due to high transportation costs.
Majority of fruit and vegetable wastes available from their processing industries are seasonal and they do not decompose rapidly. The mechanical drying of these wastes (mango peel, citrus peel, pineapple peel and tomato processing