proper disposal

I. INTRODUCTION The country faces so many problems nowadays. There are the natural calamities that happened especially when rainy season. Like the flood that happened only this past year in Manila that caused different diseases to the people. We all know that the caused of the flood was the scattered garbage that when it rains they gather in one place that causes overflow in canals. If we cannot dispose properly these garbages, it will cause problem in the environment and to our health. Humans are part of any ecosystem in which they live. Like other organisms living in an ecosystem, their activities can change the environment. Some organisms living in the changing environment cannot survive. So it will result to fewer organisms or fewer species. An action as simple throwing away garbage can affect ecosystem. Have you ever stopped to think about how much garbage you throw away each day? Do you know where your garbage ends up? Much of the household trash-product packaging, furniture, clothing, food scraps, yard trimming and other items – ends up in landfills. Garbage (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, waste, junk and litter) is unwanted or useless materials. In biology, it is any of the many unwanted substances or toxins that are spelled from living organisms, metabolic waste, such as urea, sweat or feces. Litter is waste which has been disposed in properly. Feces contain large quantities of fresh and soft texturized waste products. Waste is directly linked to human development, both technologically and socially. The compositions of different wastes have varied overtime and location, with industrial development and innovation being directly linked to waste materials. An example of this includes plastics and nuclear technology. Some components of waste have economical value and can be recycledence correctly covered. Waste is sometimes as subjective concept, because the items that some people discard may have value to others. It is widely recognized that waste materials are a valuable resource. Such concepts are colloquially explain
Weser culture by such idioms as “One man’s trash is another man’s treasure include household
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waste, commercial waste, demolition waste; hazardous waste includes Industrial waste, Bio-medical waste includes clinical waste; Special Hazardous includes radioactive waste, explosive waste and E-waste. It is our purpose to explain how scattered garbage may impart your health, your life, and your property. It is the time to wake up reality that our life is in danger because of our undiscipline action. We need to maintain the cleanliness of our environment. We support to the announcement of the government to avoid the other natural calamities that will affect our life and destroy our properties. We need to lesser the garbage in our environment so we must discipline ourselves. We are not only the one who will affected in this chaos, even the animals and other living things that we are using in living also affected. This topic is very important so that the readers may learn how to scattered garbage and mountainous wastes in every dumpsite effect the environment and our health. And also so that they may know how they can help to solve this chaos that our country faces and how important to become orderly and to have a clean surroundings. This topic is very important to the readers so that they may learn how they segregate their wastes. We should not depend only to the moves of the government in solving this, instead we must learn how to act educate for the sake of our Mother Earth and for the sake of the people. The amount of garbage per person has increase greatly. Now we must find new ways to dispose of garbage. The old system of burning or dumping garbage into rivers is no longer acceptable. These methods add to water and air pollution. People are the cause of our environmental problems and we also are the solution.

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II. BODY “On land or in rivers, you can see pieces of paper, left over food and yard waste, packaging materials, used disposable diapers, and plastic bottles and other beverage containers, tires, metals, discarded appliances and furniture, and other kinds of garbage. The continuous proliferation of solid wastes in the environment is in search for more effective ways of garbage disposal.”1 The biggest environmental problem of all cities in the Philippines is the disposal of solid wastes. On the average, each Metro Manila resident, young and old, throws about 0.5 to 1.00 kilograms of solid waste everyday. Metro Manila’s solid waste amounts to three thousand to four thousand tons per day. About twenty-eight percent of it is compostable, and thirty-eight percent is combustible. This evident is the mounting piles of garbage in many street corners. Smokey mountain has been sealed off from further dumping. Local governments have been asked to designate their own dumpsites in their cities or municipalities. Not only are the piles of garbage on city streets unsightly, they also serve as breeding places for disease-causing microorganisms.
These organisms hasten the spread of diseases, especially, those that are air-borne and water- borne. Some suggested solutions to the garbage problem are processing garbage into fertilizer, using fertilizer – converter machines to cope with the huge amount of waste materials, converting organic waste into biogas, and burning garbage to obtain heat from power generation.
“Garbage is waste material, usually food, throws out from a kitchen, market, etc., hence, any worthless or offensive staff.”2 1Teresita A. Amasol, “Science and Technology for the Future”, Philippine copyright 2003 by Diwa Scholastic Press Inc.s, p. 144.
2 Holt, Rinchart and Winston, “Dictionary of American English”, Copyright
1981,1967, 1966, printed in USA, s.v. “gannet”, p. 320.
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Garbages are the materials that are thrown out. In ordering garbage, separate the biodegradable and non-biodegredable. The example of bio-degradable are the skin of vegetables and fruits and remaining foods from the kitchen. It can make it for animals food and fertilizers to the plants. The example of non-biodegradable are papers, plastics and bottles. It can be worthful by selling it to Junk Shop. Ordering garbages is good for our surroundings and health. It doesn’t take a smart person to see that our planet is slowly drowning in a sea of plastic bags. Since the 1950s, one billion tons of plastic has been discarded. Given the durable nature of plastic and how it degrades very slowly this can last for hundreds or even thousands of years. Imagine how much plastic you can accumulate on a single-day shopping trip to the mall, the things you buy are placed in plastic bag. Now multiply that within a year and that’s how much plastic you personally acquire. Now think big: do the same math but imagine it using the population of Metro Manila only. And that’s still small, potatoes compared to the actual number of plastic used and discarded worldwide. Some cities are beginning to see that their trash problems may be blessing in disguise. People are finding creative ways to dispose of their garbage. In one project for example, shredded garbage is combined with a sticky substance to form bricks for construction. In one country, some cities generate electricity by burning garbage. Garbage is also use to produce steam to sell to industry. The garbage is burned in giant incinators lived w ith concrete tubes. The tubes are filled with water. “Garbage is one of the biggest problem in the society today. Many garbage disposal regulations have been established to solve the garbage dilemma. Today, there are different types of garbage disposal.”

3 Ezinearticles.com/? Knowing-the-types-of-Garbage-Disposal & ID = 36 36
317.
4 Waste disposal has been one of the biggest problem facing the world for some time now. Disposal products made of plastic are believed to be hazardous to our environment because of their extreme durability. That is, when you discard them, they stay in their original state and composition for a long time. Thus, they can dug drainage system if carelessly disposed. To drive home this point, a 2006 survey done by the Eco Waste Coalition and Greenpeace Southeast Asia revealed that 76 percent of the garbage in Manila Bay was composed of synthetic plastic material with plastic bags comprising 51 percent of that number. And because garbage is the unwanted materials, they only scattered it in the ground or bodies of water that cause of pollution and diseases. Even there are many waste management to control these problem of our country, the can solve it because we need to help and discipline ourselves. To this end, a number of concerned Filipinos have made moves against the overflow of plastics. One such group is the Eco Waste Coalition, a network of non-government and public interest groups out to promote ecological waste solutions to achieve what is known as “Zero Waste Goals.” Among its numbers are staunch environmentalist – celebrities Roy Alvarez and Chin-chin Gutierrez. This group, to plastic initiative. For example during the Philippine Environment Month in 2008, the Eco Waste Coalition, Buklod Tao, Earth Renewal Project, Krusada para sa Kalikasan, Sagip Pasig eiher with others, are at the forefront of ecological and environmental efforts of the anti movement, and a number of groups went on an advocacy walk in Quiapo, Manila for the use of reusable eco-friendly plastic bags. Recently, these eco-friendly groups have thrown their support behind the call by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) during the recent World War Oceans Day to ban or phase out single-use plastic bags due to the dangers they pose to the marine environment. The groups have promised to mobilize concerned groups and individuals to urge the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to act on UNEP’s plea. But more than anything else, these groups want the general public to be more self-aware about their

5 consumption practices and increase their participation in taking care of the environment. As a result of this, the Eco Waste Coalition proposed a ten step system for people who want to live in a safe and healthy environment: 1) Go for eco-friendly substitute to single-use plastic disposables; 2) Use bayong, old school bags, or any reusable carry bags for shopping, 3) Ask your favorite stores to stop the routine practice of dispencing plastic bags by making it a policy to ask the customers first if a plastic bag is required; 4) avoid products in unnecessary packaging; 5) Work with your family members, neighbors, and barangay leaders for better community recycling; 6) Reduce your waste size by separating at source and reusing and recycling more; 7) Do not litter at all times. Pick up litter and dispose it properly; 8) Help in raising community awareness and action against littering and dumping; 9) Pressure local authorities to enforce the law and punish chronic litters; 10) Participate in community clean up activities. In comparison to the large amount of plastic already in existence, you can question the point of recycling a piece of plastic bag in your hand. Reusing an item means finding another use for it instead of throwing it away. You can reuse old clothes by giving them to someone else, or cutting them up into rags. “Each one of us is guilty in using plastics. But despite of its many uses, plastics are considered Mother Nature’s Foes. For example, a study in 1975 showed that ocean-going vessels dumped eight million pounds of plastics in the ocean annually. Hundreds of thousands of sea turtles, whales, dolphins and other marine mammals die from eating discarded plastic mistaken for food. The raw materials use for plastic bags is oil. Therefore, the more we use plastic bags, the more we waste oil, which is a nonrenewable energy source. Various means like recycling have been taken to solve the problem on plastic disposal. Research has been done to develop bio-degradable plastics that breakdown with exposure to sunlight water or dampness, enzymes, and wind abrasion. Still it seems that these efforts are not enough. Then here comes another solution – lowly creatures, called the bacteria. In 1975, two types of nylon – eating bacteria, flavobacteria

6 and pseuclomonas, were found to posses enzymes (nylonase) capable of breaking down nylon.
While bacteria are not a solution to the disposable problem, it is possible that they will evolve to have the ability to breakdown other synthetic plastics as well. Making out of this knowledge, a 16 year old Canadian boy took a huge step forward in finding ways to get rid of non-biodegradable plastic. Daniel Burd was able to decompose plastic bags in almost three months.”4
One kind of garbage that we are using everyday are the plastic bottles, styrophones, plastic cups and plastic spoons that we are usually using in parties. Research and technology have partly helped solve the problem of waste disposal, particularly of plastic. Innovation has paved the way for the development of biodegradable plastics. Unlike ordinary plastics,
Biodegradable plastics are designed to be environment-friendly. They can be made from biomass, creating an environment-friendly life cycle for the product. With these developments, it is possible to lessen, if not totally eradicate environmental problems related to waste disposal in the near future. Reusing plastic and paper bags is another way to reduce waste. Plastic bags are handy for carrying other things. Some grocery stores even pay a few cents when you return or reuse paper grocery bags. Out-of – doors, there are things you can do too. If you cut grass or rake leaves compost the leaves and grass clipping instead of putting them into the trash. Composting landfills. In those places composting is common. If everyone composted, it would reduce the means to pile them up where they can gradually decompose. The decompose matter can be use in gardens or flower beds to fertilize the soil. Some cities no longer pick up yard ways to take to trash put into landfills by no percent. If you recycle, you may be reducing the trash you will

4.Hermie V. Salita, “Bato Balani for Science and Technology”, Volume 28 No. 4,Copyright 2008, Diwa Research and Product Development, p. 14.

7 generate in your lifetime by 60 percent. If you don’t recycle, you’ll generate trash equal to 600 times you mass. When an object is recyclable, it’s suitable to be processed and use again. When you recycle, you help the environment in many ways. You save landfill space, energy, and natural resources. You reduce the damage cause by mining, cutting trees, and manufacturing.
“Waste management is the collection transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce this effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. This waste has a large impact on the environment and in our health. Even with federal oversight on waste management, waste can still pollute the ground, air and water. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources.All wastes materials, whether they are solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit of waste managementWaste management practices can differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator subject to local, national or international controls. .”5
In participating Earth day activities benefits the environment. But a single day is enough to meet what our environment requires from us. We can make everyday on Earth day. The some ways you can help Earth are reduce the use of plastic bags. Most materials are often thrown away after use. “Reduce, recycle and reuse” are the famous “three Rs” that are believed to be the

5 http://enwikipedia.org/wiki/waste-management.

8 solution to the nationwide solid-waste disposal problem. Recycling involves sorting of waste materials. Reusing is a method of making used products beneficial for the same or new purpose.
And the method of reducing to lessen the wastes that makes our country dirty.
“Refuse disposal system, technique for the collection and disposal of solid wastes community. The term refuse refers to solid wastes and that are use more or less synonymously to describe those discards of society that are not liquid or gaseous in nature. The development and operation of these system is often called solid-waste management. Although all societies have had some systematic form of refuse disposal, it was not until relatively recent times that the modern concept of solid-waste management became recognize as an essential health and welfare service. Carelessly departed garbage was for centuries a prime source of disease, whether through the infection of water supplies or as a breeding ground and food source for flies, rats, and other carries disease. Individuals share in the carelessness by littering roads and highways with trash and indiscriminately dumping such items wrecked cards and old refrigerator. Refuse is generally collected either by manually picking up trash bags from individual households or by mechanically emptying large community trash containers into trucks equipped with compactors to maximize their capacities.”6
In shopping for groceries, use a high quality of plastic bags. Every time you use it over its lifetime, it eliminates hundreds, if not thousands, of plastic bags that could have been used. Producing new paper, glass shopping for groceries, use a high quality of plastic bags. Every time you use it over its lifetime, it eliminates hundreds, if not thousands, of plastic bags that

6 Robert Guinn, “The New Encyclopedia Britannica”, volume 9, Copyright 1999 by Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., pp. 998-999.

9 would result if the product came from virgin materials. Recycling a stack of newspapers only could have been used. Producing new paper, glass and metal products from recycled materials saves 70 to 90 percent of the energy and pollution, including Carbon Dioxide, which save a four feet high will good-sized tree. Earth Day is all about appreciating the Earth’s fragile environment and inspiring awareness of what can be done to protect it. The radioactive wastes, toxic chemicals and pathogenic wastes from hospitals are very hazardous. The disposal of solid wastes, especially toxic chemicals and nuclear waste, should receive particular attention because it can result health problems. Some of the diseases that we can get in these wastes is Leptospirosis that we can from urine of rats that mix in the water, tuberculosis that can be get by burning garbage especially the plastic and rubber, Influenza that can be get by the waste of animals and birds, Diarrhea that we can get by drinking contaminated water, Typhoid Fever that can be caused by the improper waste disposal, Hepatitis A that we can get from the contaminated food and water, Gastro Enteritis that can effect seriously to the children and the Dengue Fever that can be get from the bite of mosquito. Disposal of refuse in water often creates pollution that can be a hazard for living things; for this reason the long-practiced method of dumping garbage at sea from scows has been greatly restricted a relatively effective and safe method of disposing of organic refuse in water is the use of a food grinder attached to the sewage system of a household or food-handling establishment. Although these devices add only a small quantity of water to the community sewage system, they do increase the amount of solid material that must be handled at the treatment plant. The practice of recycling such salvageable materials as metal, glass and newsprint began in earnest during World War II and has been revived to some extent since 1970s. Several States have passed laws requiring deposits on beverage containers (refundable with the return of the containers), which has resulted in reduced roadside litter.

10 “The Sangguniang Panglunsod (City Council) of Olongapo, Zambales approved recently the resolution ratifying a loan agreement with the Development Book of the Philippines for the construction of a P400 million modern sanitary landfill in this city. The approval by the state-owned bank recognized the projects pursuance of environmental preservation through proper waste collection and disposal. The loan will be used by the local government here to acquire recovery facilities and improve garbage collection. However, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in Region 3 has already issued a closure order on the existing open dumpsite, the city’s only waste disposal facility.”7 In every city, they are lack in sanitary landfill because of the overpopulation. The city councils are the one who are responsible in constructing a modern sanitary landfill to make their city more clean and comfortable. The construction of modern landfill is in compliance with RA 9003 that aims to reduce health and environmental hazards posed by accumulated garbage. If our controlled dumpsite is closed, we will have no place where we can dispose our own garbage. Now people are being buried in garbage People throw away millions of tons of garbage – cans bottles, paper, lawn and garden refuse, and food wastes. In additional, farms, mines, and industry make billions of tons of garbage every year. And the health of people will be in danger.

7 Franco G. Regala, “Manila Bulletin”, volume 40 no. 45, November 6, 2011,
Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation P.O. Box 769, p.18.

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III. CONCLUSION I therefore conclude that the continuous dumping of garbage is one of the biggest problems nowadays that causes the government in searching more effective ways for garbage disposal. Because even government established waste management to solve this problem, they can’t solve it because they need our help. Local governments have been asked to designate of microorganisms that carries diseases. So we should conserve the water in the river, lake or sea to prevent it from pollution. This is the reason why solid waste should not be thrown into the bodies of water instead we apply the rules or proper waste disposal to solve this early. The hydrosphere is necessary for man’s survival. However, man has wrought untold damage to it intentionally or unintentionally. Rivers and oceans have become dumpsite for wastes from factories. Many major waterways such as the Pasig and the Tullahan rivers in Manila are biologically dead. Even “safe” trash harms the environment. When landfills are build, the land changes, and some organisms will die. Another problem with landfills is that they become full. Then other areas must be used to dispose of wastes. You might say that most people don’t try to harm the environment. But people can harm the environment without realizing it. Garbage is beautiful! You may not belived that now, but the contents of your trash can are going to become more important in the future. Until recently people did not worry much about their garbage. Every community had a dump, such as the one in the picture, for everything that had to be thrown away. If the dump got too full wastes were buried, set on fire, or pushed into a river or lake. Waste management is significant environmental justice issue. Many of the environmental burdens cited above are more after borne by marginalized groups, such as racial minorities women, and residents of developing nations. Not-in-my back-yard is a popular term used to described the opposition of residents to a proposal for a new development close to them.
However, the need for expansion and siting of waste treatment and disposal facilities is increasing worldwide. There is now a growing market in the transboundary movement of waste, and
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although most waste that flows between countries goes between developed nations, a significant amount of waste is moved from developed to developing nations. The economic costs of managing waste are high and are often paid for by municipal government. Money can often be save with more efficiently designed collection routes, modifying vehicles, and with public education. Environmental policies such as pay as you throw can reduce the costs of management and reduce waste quantities. Wastes recovery (that is recycling, reuse) can curve economic costs because it avoids extracting raw materials and often cuts transportation costs.

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IV. RECOMMENDATION :
May have the misconception that you can send anything food related down the disposal. The notion that it will grind up anything and everything and wash it away is incorrect. Most garbage disposal systems are designed to grind up softwoods. Putting improper materials into the garbage disposal could dog pipes and ruin your appliances. So how can we able to manage and do our part as a citizen of our country to lessen our garbage problem?
Don’t throw your garbage anywhere. Separate your garbage and you may recycle it.
Don’t burn plastics because it can affect our “ Respiratory system”.
Avoid using disposable material like Styrofoam, plastic cups and plastics spoons.
Report to close the pile of garbage that can affect our health.
Disposed of food that may be contaminated by placing in and sealable bag and then taping tightly.
Place bags in a trash receptacle for non-recyclable trash outside the home and out of reach of humans and pets.

Recycle. In our place, we sell all our paper trash so that it will be recycled. And we sell also our plastics for recycling

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Compost your kitchen wastes. Then you can use the soil for planting. Dont burn it, it may add up carbon dioide emission.
Do not throw away your dead batteries, metals, bulbs because there may be some hazardous chemical that are dangerous to our health. Hand it to some facilites which can recycle them.
Don 't throw your trash everywhere, it may cause some flood. This one is applicable to our place. I think many flood cases here in our country are related to improper garbage disposal.
Segregate your garbages.
Propagate the news. In this way, its not only you can help change and solve our problems.

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IV. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Amasol,Teresita A. “Science and Technology for the future”. Philippine copyright 2003 by Diwa Scolastic Press Inc.

Ezinearticles. com\? Knowing-the-types-of-Garbage Disposal& ID= 36 36 317.
Gwinn, Robert. The New Encyclopedia Britannica. Volume 9. Copyright 1992 by Encyclopedia Britannica Inc.

Holt, Rinchart and Winston. “gannet”. Dictionary of American English. Copyright 1981, 1967, 1966, printed in USA.

http:\\en. Wikipedia. org\wiki\waste-management.
Regala, Franco G. Manila Bulletin. Volume 40 no. 45. ( November 6,2011) Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation P.O. Box. Salita,Hermie V.Bato Balani for Science and Technology. Volume 28 No. 4. Copyright 2008. Diwa Research and Product Development.

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Bibliography: Amasol,Teresita A. “Science and Technology for the future”. Philippine copyright 2003 by Diwa Scolastic Press Inc. Ezinearticles. com? Knowing-the-types-of-Garbage Disposal& ID= 36 36 317. Gwinn, Robert. The New Encyclopedia Britannica. Volume 9. Copyright 1992 by Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. Holt, Rinchart and Winston. “gannet”. Dictionary of American English. Copyright 1981, 1967, 1966, printed in USA. http:\en. Wikipedia. orgwikiwaste-management. Regala, Franco G. Manila Bulletin. Volume 40 no. 45. ( November 6,2011) Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation P.O. Box. Salita,Hermie V.Bato Balani for Science and Technology. Volume 28 No. 4. Copyright 2008. Diwa Research and Product Development. 16