While fluorine ions have a neutral pH of seven only 97% of the compound added to water is in the form of
While fluorine ions have a neutral pH of seven only 97% of the compound added to water is in the form of
Aqueous solutions of acids have a pH of less than 7. An acid has a ph containing acid or having the properties of an acid in particular, having a pH of less than 7. Acids we use eat and drink everyday are oranges and lemons. The strength of an acid refers to its ability or tendency to lose a proton. A strong acid is one that completely dissociates in water; in other words, one mole of a strong acid HA dissolves in water yielding one mole of H+ and one mole of the conjugate base, A−, and none of the protonated acid. Then the neutralization of acid is when the reaction between an acid and a base, producing a salt and neutralized base for example hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide form sodium chloride and water. Neutralization with a base weaker than the acid results in a weakly acidic salt. An example is the weakly acidic ammonium chloride, which is produced from the strong acid hydrogen chloride and the weak base ammonia. Conversely neutralizing a weak acid with a strong base gives a weakly basic salt sodium fluoride from hydrogen fluoride and sodium hydroxide. Acids are often used to remove rust and other corrosion from metals in a process known as pickling. They may be used as an electrolyte in a wet cell battery…
pH is a measurement of how acidic or basic a solution is. Water with pH lower than 7 is considered acidic and higher than 7 is known as basic. The safe levels of pH in drinking water is 6.5 - 8.5. Pure water has a pH of 7 which means there is an equilibrium of positive hydrogen ions and negative hydroxide ions. ((When the pH of water is below 6.5, the water is soft and corrosive. This type of water can damage metal pipes and when used, it can stain clothes, have a sour taste and damage sinks. Water with a Ph greater than 8.5 is considered hard. This water does not pose a health risk, but can stain dishes and utensils))4. When Ph of water is low there can be many consequences and effects. ((Even a moderate decrease in pH of water could affect the fish…
Fluorine in the pool is absorbed by the skin which can cause several health problems. In a study, it was found that fluorine intake increases by more than 5 times when body is exposed to fluorinated water in the pool. Increased fluoride intake can make our bones and teeth weak which increases the risk of tooth decay and facture. Fluorinated water can also stain the teeth or fluorosis, which can lead to several behavioral and psychological problems. Fluoride is also linked to stomach pain, dietary allergies, and protein indigestion. Recent studies have proved that high fluoride intake can lower the IQ of children and cause cancer. Fluorinated water also has adverse impact on animals and birds by affecting their growth and…
Fluoridation is a form of nutritional supplementation that is not unlike the addition of vitamins to milk, breads and fruit drinks; iodine to table salt; and both vitamins and minerals to breakfast cereals, grains and pastas. The protection of fluoridation reaches community members in their homes, at work and at school -- simply by drinking the water. The only requirements for the implementation of fluoridation are the presence of a treatable centralized water supply and approval by appropriate decision makers. Some people believe that there are effective alternatives to community…
This acid attacks the stomach lining, damaging tissues and destroying the immune system. (Gieder, 2015). This is a result in many children from being exposed to too much fluoride. The main problem with adding fluoride to a water source is the risk that is involved with of dental fluorosis. (Connett, 2012) Dental fluorosis is a condition caused by hypomineralisation. Hypomineralisation effects the front molar teeth and in some cases can affect the incisor teeth. (Unknown, 2015)…
Fluoridating water is a highly debated topic in almost every county in the United States. Since 1945, fluoride has been added to city tap water for the benefit of dental health. Studies show that this addition to drinking water decreases the chances of dental cavities and provides this health service for lower income people who may not otherwise be able to afford and maintain their dental health. Many states require that the tap water in every county must be checked and maintained daily. Even though all these benefits are present with full support and endorsement from dental doctors and health professionals, some counties are still uncertain about fluoridating water. They believe that since fluoride is toxic to the human body in large doses, the substance is not safe in any amount for human consumption. Although some counties have successfully banned fluoride from their tap water, their reasons for doing so are unfounded and a detriment to their people 's health. Safety and longevity is everyone 's goal, therefore, fluoride in tap water is beneficial to every person 's health.…
They compare adding fluoride to water and adding iodine to salt, saying that even though it is toxic in large amounts, it is essential and therefore beneficial. There are several things wrong with this claim, the first being that if one tried to consume enough salt to get iodine poisoning, he would first poison himself with an extreme excess of salt. Another issue is that iodine is an essential nutrient, and iodine deficiency can cause severe brain damage, but fluoride is not an essential nutrient, and it is entirely possible to have healthy teeth without ever touching…
The science behind water fluoridation has long been the subject of contention between many. Many people are against the use of fluoride. They believe it might have negative effects on the body, some even have conspiracies based around fluoridation. The CDC labeled fluoride as safe, effective and beneficial for the public, but a new study says those thoughts might be old-fashioned and just plain wrong.…
Question In general, which is worse – acid or base conditions? Answers and Discussion Obviously a balance is required. The neutral pH is 7.0, however the natural pH of sea water is typically around 8.2 and that of fresh water is typically around 6.5. The answer to the question depends very much on whether or not we are discussing the environment or human health. Human Health: Our skin is slightly acidic (pH 5 to 5.5) and we can withstand low pH values quite readily. If we ingest or touch water which is basic (say, pH 10) we suffer much greater consequences than an equivalent acid (pH 4). The acid condition is not particularly harmful to ingest, not particularly harmful to touch, although problematic if spilled into the eye. In this case, copious water will usually do the trick and rinsing is effective at any stage. The base condition is harmful to the skin and may cause minor burning. If not, prolonged use (e.g. washing with alkaline soap) will cause dermatitis and is a main cause of skin rashes. If ingested, the base will cause bad burning and if spilled into the eye the results can be disastrous. Alkali reacts with proteins in the eye to form a crust which is then difficult to penetrate with rinsing, so rinsing with water must be done quickly to avoid the crust forming. Environmental Health: The environment is quite different. Very few organisms can survive acidic conditions. Waters which are very acid (e.g. some natural rivers, water affected by acid rain and water lying in caves) contain no life. They are crystal clear (because nothing is alive), look very attractive and are very pretty. However, the ecology has gone! By contrast, a number of organisms can survive in alkaline conditions. These organisms are not necessarily friendly to human life and include algae, bacteria and some fungi. These can create toxic conditions to people, are unsightly and smelly. They are not desirable conditions for people to put up with, and are the typical images of pollution we…
Fluoride has been the subject of great debate between those who believe we need fluoride in our water to help prevent tooth decay and those who say it’s a toxic substance that is leading to many health problems.…
The fluoride levels are deadly at their limits in city water. For example, “"Everything causes cancer?" by Dr. Dean Burk, chief chemist for the U.S. National Cancer Institute, answers this question with "perhaps...but fluoride causes more human cancer death, and causes it faster than any other chemical"(Roberts). Fluoride is an organic compound with fluorine bonded to an alkyl group. It was used in large doses in water at some of Hitler’s Nazi run Concentration Camps, which was to make the Jew’s more acquiescent and easier to control. The reasoning behind this is because fluoride alters the human brain, making it harder to think clearly. Although city tap water uses low quantities of fluoride, it has the same effect just at a much lower degree. It will hurt the human brain though over time, using the analogy of an overweight person that might not ever have many bad symptoms in their health for years. But In the end, they will reap what they have sown. “Studies done by Russel (1953) and Englander (1962) showed the benefits persisted and were apparent in all teeth throughout life. More recently, Stamm (1980) found that adults in a fluoridated area had fewer root caries than adults in non-fluoridated areas. Fluoridation is likely to be a powerful influence in its control” (Shek). True, fluoride may be good for the teeth, but it does more harm than good in the rest of a person’s body. Fluoride surprisingly has affected many more people’s judgments than supposed. People in the world working today in the large cities have deranged judgment concerning how much pollution is being put into the…
Excessive fluoride can damage the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, leading to limited joint mobility, ligament calcification, muscular degeneration and neurological deficits. Millions in Asia have developed the disease from drinking naturally fluoridated water. Though rarely diagnosed in the U.S, the actual prevalence of the disease is unknown because most doctors in this country may not even know how to detect it.…
Caries prevention is extremely important for not only kids, but adults as well. There are different ways that people can do this, but one of the easier methods is by using fluoride. Fluoride is commonly known for preventing dental caries and also helping with strengthening bone. There has always been a controversy that fluoride is extremely bad for the body and that it should not be allowed to be in public water. Besides water, fluoride is also found in food and beverages, known as a form of systemic fluoride that many people also believe is problematic. Toothpastes and mouth rinses account for two of the three primary fluoride caries prevention methods as well as water. What many people may not know or understand is that fluoride is actually…
According to the Center for Disease Control, three out of four Americans drink fluoridated water. Though Portland, Oregon is one of the 50 largest cities in America it does not have pipes flowing with fluoride enriched water. Since 1940, public health officials have added fluoride to water in order to reduce dental decay in school-aged children and reduce changes of dental caries in adults. Water fluoridation is an important public health intervention that reduces oral health disparities and increases the health of the population and it had been proven by many articles to be “the most effective public health measure for the prevention of dental decay” (WHO, 2016). Fluoride is a naturally occurring, this mineral can be found in natural water that hasn’t been processed and can also be found in many food sources; yet, children can only get a low dose of this important mineral through food and naturally occurring water (well, springs, river). This is not a problem because scientists have found a way to strengthen the fluoride concentration to be added to water to help with strengthening enamel of the teeth and prevent toxic bacteria from creating cavities. It is…
It has become well known that there is fluoridation in the water that we are drinking every day and thus has led to the claim that the fluoride that is present in the water is dangerous for the consumer. There are two strongly supported sides to this claim and has been a controversial subject for many years. The most concerning danger that causes scare is that the fluoridated water can be related to increased cancer risk. As of now, the level of fluoridation in the United States drinking water is not dangerous for the consumer.…