2. The accounting firm has potential liability to any person who acquired the stock in reliance on the registration statement. – True, in case of any part of the registration statement containing an untrue statement of a material fact, any person acquitting such security may sue.…
What are some situations that would require modification of the auditor’s opinion related to going concern?…
2. Due to recurring operating losses and working capital deficiencies, an auditor has substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time. However, the financial statement disclosures concerning these matters are adequate.…
11. Due to recurring operating losses and working capital deficiencies, an auditor has substantial doubt…
Until the case of Ultramares Corp. v. Touche, auditors admitted no liability whatsoever to third parties. The judgment in Ultramares reaffirmed the principle that a fraudulent accountant, not a negligent one, would be liable to third parties misled by his or her statements. This case has had an impact on the work of auditors in terms of the care they exercise in preparing the auditor's report. Coercive forces compelled auditors to adopt behaviors to do what it takes to protect them from third-party liability by producing high-quality work.…
governmental oversight of accounting fraud and abuse has drastically improved over the years. In the past, many companies used the flexibly in accounting framework to alter financial statements. This was done to present a seamless depiction of the statements to their investors. There is a theory that not enough accountability has existed in government. Once governmental accountability improves, then companies will be more likely to deter from waste, fraud and abuse (acfea, 2009). The Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) eventually introduced detailed changes in the accounting framework to restrict fraud and abuse. The government now pays more attention to what is going on in the financial arena and is ultimately responsible for the oversight of accounting fraud. The implementation of internal controls helps to reduce the possibility of fraud and it also insures that the company complies with the SOX rules and regulations. If our company becomes a government supplier, once the bid is accepted, it will come under scrutiny and will be required to comply with the Sarbanes Oxley Act (acfe,…
(ASU) 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern…
The objective of the audit of financial statements is to enable the auditor to express an opinion if the financial statements are prepared in accordance with an identified financial reporting framework. The reason that materiality is allocated to those accounts sampled because materiality represents the magnitude of an omission or misstatement of an item in a financial report. The three function of the audit risk are inherent risk (IR), control risk (CR), and detection risk (DR). Every level of audit risk has an opposite connection that exists between assessed levels of controls, inherent risk, and level of detection risk…
Client's business is with the risk of the entity not being profitable and not continuing to survive. There could be going-concern issues, inflated profit goals, or operations in volatile industries that can impact an entity's risk (Colbert, 1996). Most business risks will eventually have financial consequences and, therefore, an effect on the financial statements. Financial trends commonly represent the most important part of client's business risk. Audit firms cannot control the amount of client's business risk. They can only assess it and decide whether or not to accept the risk.…
There is a line drawn between cost-benefit analysis and the accuracy of records, and the damaging discrepancies in reporting has come to light. More so in a publicly traded organization. An example of such organizations that have fallen into the category of inaccurate reporting of financial records had as a result have collapsed, Lehman Brothers, Arthur Andersen and Worldcom. The cost effect it has on a company’s public image is far greater that the cost of…
Mark’s option is to include an explanatory paragraph about Surfer Dude Duds, Inc.’s going concerns. SAS 59 requires an auditor to evaluate conditions or events discovered during the engagement that raise questions about the validity of the going-concern assumption. An auditor who concludes that substantial doubt exists about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and who is not satisfied that management’s plans are enough to mitigate these concerns is required to issue a modified (but unqualified) report. It is also the duty for Mark to convince George about the financial position of his company’s going concern. Although George has past success involved in his retail business; however, he is not willing to accept the fact that the business is so much at a loss that it needs no going concern explanatory paragraph. Therefore it is the duty of Mark to explain to George the consequences of not including the explanatory paragraph in the report. He should also probably predict the future position of Surfer Dude given the present economic conditions and try to explain George the reasons why the company may not be able to recover in the consequent year for which the going concern explanatory report becomes necessary.…
Paul Keating’s commemoration speech at the funeral of the Unknown Soldier carefully utilises rhetoric technique to persuade the greater part of Australia to reflect on the great sacrifice made by those who served our nation. The epideictic format and inclusive language engages the audience, whilst anonymity of the unknown solider establishes curiosity, capturing pathos both within the speaker and the audience.…
Since the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002, a large body of evidence has accumulated on the costs this legislation has imposed on public companies in the United States. Estimates of the direct costs of the law have been fairly straightforward to measure, but the indirect costs of the legislation like incremental audit and non-audit fees, additional audit effort and additional internal control audit expenses like payroll and technology are harder to estimate due to lack of detailed data on these expenses. Since audit fees had been rising prior to 2002 due to a riskier auditing climate and due to the demise of Arthur Anderson in the Enron debacle, it is difficult to isolate the effect of SOX on audit fees in the U.S. Some studies have looked at the effect of SOX on audit fees and have documented an increase in the same, including a Big 4 premium. However, the portion of the increase attributable specifically to the 404(b) auditor attestation requirement is unobservable (Coates 2007) . This study aims to fill this critical gap in the literature by estimating the portion of the incremental audit fees that is the result of the auditor attestation requirement of Section 404 by using a unique dataset of Indian companies. Clause 49 of the exchange listing requirements for companies in India required CEO/CFO certifications on internal controls and financial statements since 2003. Some of these companies are also cross-listed on US exchanges and have to comply with Section 404 from fiscal year-end Dec 2009. This provides a natural experiment to isolate the incremental compliance costs due to Section 404 for the cross-listed firms. The results of this study have important implications for policy makers and regulators in the U.S. who are concerned about the…
The mitral valve is located on the left side of the heart between the left atrium and left ventricle. The purpose of the mitral valve is to form a seal between these two chambers of the heart to prevent the back flow of blood. When blood enters the left side of the heart, it is oxygenated and enters through the pulmonary veins. The blood then travels through the left atrium; the bicuspid (mitral) valve then opens to let the blood flow down to the left ventricle. The left ventricle contracts, causing the mitral valve to close (preventing the backflow of blood).When the left ventricle contracts it is pumping the blood out to the remainder of the body. (Jenkins, 2007)…
Audit risk The auditor expresses an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statements are materially misstated, Evidence (more than “per discussion with client)…