Preview

Proton Rutherford

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
420 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Proton Rutherford
The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol p or p+ and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. The name proton was given to the hydrogen nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1920. The concept of a hydrogen-like particle as a constituent of other atoms was developed over a long period. As early as 1815, William Proust proposed that all atoms are composed of hydrogen atoms, based on a simplistic interpretation of early values of atomic weights , which was disproved when more accurate values were measured.
In 1886, Eugene Goldstein discovered canal rays and showed that they were positively charged particles (ions) produced from gases. However, since particles from different gases had different values of charge-to-mass ratio (e/m), they could not be identified with a single particle, unlike the negative electrons discovered by J. J. Thomson.
Following the discovery of the atomic nucleus by Ernest Rutherford
…show more content…

Rutherford had earlier learned to produce hydrogen nuclei as a type of radiation produced as a product of the impact of alpha particles on hydrogen gas, and recognize them by their unique penetration signature in air and their appearance in scintillation detectors. These experiments were begun when Rutherford had noticed that, when alpha particles were shot into air (mostly nitrogen), his scintillation detectors showed the signatures of typical hydrogen nuclei as a product. After experimentation Rutherford traced the reaction to the nitrogen in air, and found that when alphas were produced into pure nitrogen gas, the effect was larger. Rutherford determined that this hydrogen could have come only from the nitrogen, and therefore nitrogen must contain hydrogen nuclei. One hydrogen nucleus was being knocked off by the impact of the alpha particle, producing oxygen-17 in the

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Nt1310 Unit 6

    • 2053 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Protons and neutrons are thought to consist of smaller particles called quarks. The ‘up’ quark has a charge of 2 e : a ‘down’ quark has a charge of – 1 e, where e is the 3 3 –19 C). elementary charge (+1.6 x 10 How many up quarks and down quarks must a proton contain? up quarks A B C D 0 1 1 2 down quarks 3 1 2 1…

    • 2053 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The property that led to the discovery of electrons and protons was their charges. Neutrons were the last of the three subatomic particles to be discovered because they have no charge and therefore it was harder and took larger for scientists to discover them.…

    • 1323 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    post lab bean bag isotopes

    • 1188 Words
    • 5 Pages

    The property that led to the discovery of electrons and protons was their charges. Neutrons were the last of the three subatomic particles to be discovered because they have no charge and therefore it was harder and took larger for scientists to discover them.…

    • 1188 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The word atom is derived from the Greek word atom which means indivisible. The Greeks concluded that matter could be broken down into particles too small to be seen. These particles were called atoms. Atoms are composed of three types of particles: protons, neutrons, and electron. Protons and neutrons are responsible for most of the atomic mass. Example; if a person weighed 150 lbs. approximately 149 lbs. and 15 ounces of that person would be comprised of protons and neutrons while only 1 ounce of their being would be made of electrons. Both the protons and neutrons reside within the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge; they are neutral. Electrons reside in orbitals around the nucleus and have a negative charge.…

    • 297 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Although Joseph John (J.J.) Thomson (1856 - 1940) was mainly a physicist, his discoveries are closely connected to the chemical community. Thomson used Crookes high vacuum cathode ray tube in his discovery of electrons. He found the green beam produced by the cathode ray tube was a completely negatively charged material. Experimenting with different electrically charged plates and magnets in the cathode ray tube and observing the deflection of the rays he had enough evidence to say that particles smaller than atoms existed. By doing this experiment multiple times he compiled enough data to conclude that the mass of one of these particles, which he called an electron, was lighter than an atom of hydrogen by around 2,000 times. He also found the ratio of charge to mass (e/m) would be the same for any electron.…

    • 534 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Six scientists were chosen to see which one had made the greatest contribution to our current understanding of the atom’s structure. Our knowledge of an atom’s appearance and structure have evolved from years and years of development and contribution from many different scientists. Scientist Ernest Rutherford had been the best contributor to the understanding of the atomic structure. Why Rutherford was chosen is because his work had information on protons, neutrons, and electrons, the main components that make up the atom, showed what the atom looks like when the three are put together, and had also been the discoverer of the nucleus which is the one of them most important parts of the atom’s structure.…

    • 793 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    They discovered that those cathode rays were a stream of negatively charged particles which they called electrons. The exact value of the negative charge was not known (was it 2-, 3-, 9-, 1-?).…

    • 5272 Words
    • 22 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    10. Thomson found that the electrically charged plates affected the direction of a cathode-ray tube beam. True…

    • 466 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Experiment: A sample of neon gas is passed through a mass spectrometer. The spectrometer records…

    • 769 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Earnest Rutherford preformed en experiment later that proved an idea of Dalton's wrong. With his gold foil experiment, Rutherford found atoms to be consisted of at least two smaller parts, unlike Dalton's idea that atoms are indivisible. He established that an atom includes a tiny, positively charge nucleus, which is surrounded by electrons.…

    • 272 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The argument from design is an analogy and works by comparing the universe to an object. An example of the comparison would be to say the world resembles a car. All cars have creators, therefore, the world has to have a creator, and that must be God. The argument concludes by saying by observing the world we can gather evidence that the intelligence of a human that creates a car, bike or some other item resembles, in a less perfect form, God. However, Hume thinks this argument fails.…

    • 809 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    With Rutherford’s experiment, it showed everyone that Thompson’s theory was incorrect, therefore giving people a different idea on atoms and how the mass of an atom is concentrated in one small area and also that an atom is mostly…

    • 453 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The main character of the story is a young African American man named Rutherford from a small town who moves to New Orleans in search of a job. Rutherford always takes the easy way out. In the past the church had tried to influence him into being a more conventional man, but in New Orleans he abandons those ideals and steals for a living when he finds a lack of quick work. “But arriving in the city, checking the saloons and negro bars, I found nothing. So I stole it - it came like second nature to me. My master, Reverend Peleg Chandler, had noticed this stickiness of my fingers when I was a child...” (Johnson 3). This proves that Rutherford isn’t the type of man to stick around, which is demonstrated again later in the story as he is being…

    • 196 Words
    • 1 Page
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    This brilliant experiment is another reason why Rutherford qualifies for this award. Because, from his experiment, he discovered Alpha and Beta rays. “Chem Teacher” states that, “Rutherford devised a way to record the location of the alpha particles by surrounding the bombarded object with a sheet coated in ZnS, which would emit of flash of light when hit with an alpha particle. Through previous experiments of shooting alpha particles, Rutherford knew they had considerable mass and speed. He then hypothesized that these particles would penetrate a thin metal foil, although they may scatter slightly because of the charge in the metal atom's subatomic particles. After shooting alpha particles through the thin sheet of gold, Geiger, Marsden and Rutherford discovered that a small proportion of the molecules were scattered at larger than 90° angles. This caused them to conclude that there was a small fraction of the total volume of the atom that held most of the mass of the atom” (Chem Teacher). His nuclear model then replaced the Plum Pudding model.…

    • 598 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    It took a great number of shots to actually hit the nucleus because the size of the atom was so much larger than the nucleus. Rutherford proposed that the "hit ratio" was approximately equal to the volume ratio. This is the hypothesis you will test in this experiment.…

    • 744 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays