Psy 100 Week 1
PSY 150-100
Individual Project
Application of Concepts
1. Chapter 1 Psychologist- Definition: A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology. For example, I saw a psychologist after a traumatic event when I was in 2nd grade . My family went to Santa 's Village (a Christmas theme park/carnival), as we had done every year with my whole family. My dad, my sister, and I went on the ferris wheel together, and half way during the ride it began to break. Parts started falling off, and it began to spin really fast forward, stop, and then spin really fast backward. I remember looking at my mom, who was standing on the ground with a look of horror, and mouthing that I loved her. A cable ended up …show more content…
snapping and running up my arm and across the top of my head. When they finally got it stopped, we were trapped at the very top, and were one of the last ones to get off. A firefighter, David, took me out of the seat and had me climb down the fire truck ladder with him. I had a lot of nightmares after that night, and that is why I saw a psychologist after the event.
2. Chapter 1 Hypothesis- Definition: Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations. For example, my seventh grade chemistry class is one of my favorite classes I have ever taken. We got to do many experiments with different chemicals. First we would learn about each chemical individually, then we would form a hypothesis based on our observations, and finally we would test our hypothesis ' through experiments. It was very exciting when our experiments supported our hypothesis '.
3. Chapter 1 Correlation- Definition: A measure of the relationship between two variables. For example, I usually get coffee at least once a day. I am always running around with a thousand things to do, and I stop at Starbucks when I start to feel tired. After I get my coffee, I no longer feel tired, and I am ready to take on the rest of my day. I definitely believe there is a (positive) correlation between drinking coffee, and my alertness/production level.
4. Chapter 2 Pancreas- Definition: Endocrine gland; controls the levels of sugar in the blood. For example, there are 2 types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Most people with Type 1 diabetes are diagnosed in their childhood, which is why it 's also referred to as Juvenile Diabetes. However, my dad was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of 33. His pancreas does not accurately control his blood sugar levels, so he has to manually give himself insulin in order to do so.
5.
Chapter 3 Gustation- Definition: The sensation of taste. Our taste buds are responsible for our sense of taste. We have so many overweight people in this country, because the foods that taste the best are usually the worst for us. I think life would be pretty dull if we didn 't have gustation. However, I think people would eat much healthier, and in turn not be so overweight.
6. Chapter 3 Olfaction (Olfactory sense)- Definition: The sensation of smell. Our olfactory sense is our ability to smell odors. I couldn 't imagine not having my olfactory sense, because there are so many beautiful smells in this world. I love the smell of the flowers in our garden, and the smell of breakfast when my husband cooks on the weekends. However, I wouldn 't mind not having olfaction when I have to change my 2 year old sons diapers.
7. Chapter 3 Similarity- Definition: The tendency to perceive things that look similar to each other as being part of the same group. We use similarity a lot in our house in order to stay organized. My children each have their own set of shelves with bins. When we clean up, we put similar things into the same bins. My kids get very excited when they can spot the similarities on their own, and put everything away
correctly.
8. Chapter 4 Consciousness- Definition: A person 's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior. A year and a half ago my husband had a wedding ring accident at work. He had never worn his ring on the flight line, but one morning he forgot to take it off. He was standing on a ladder that leads up to the cockpit on a Harrier, and either slipped or jumped down, and caught his ring on the canopy hook in the process. He nearly de-gloved his finger completely. Although he never lost consciousness, the whole event is kind of a blur to him.
9. Chapter 4 Sleep Deprivation- Definition: Any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability. My husband was on night crew for a very long time, which threw his sleeping patterns off. I always made sure the kids were quiet so he could sleep once he got home. I was also taking 18 credits last semester, so I had a lot of school work to keep up with. I ended up suffering from sleep deprivation, because I was more focused on my husband, my kids, and my school than I was taking care of myself. Most nights I would only get 3-4 hours of sleep.
10. Chapter 4 Alcohol- Definition: The chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter. Most of the people I know drink alcohol. I don 't know any alcoholics, just people who have a drink or two either with dinner or when we 're all hanging out together. Most people are surprised when they learn that I don 't drink. Alcohol just doesn 't taste good to me, and I 'd rather not drink and hang out with my kids.
11. Chapter 5 Conditioned Response- Definition: Learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus. Learning about the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response was very interesting to me. When I was in 5th grade I got hit in the face with a fastball while playing softball. I experienced a slight sense of fear every time I went up to bat after the incident. Thanks to this exercise, I learned that the feeling of fear was a conditioned response.
12. Chapter 5 Positive Reinforcement- Definition: Any event or stimulus, that when following a response, increases the probability that the response will occur again. Being a military wife, I have been around a ton of other mother 's and their children. I have witnessed a lot of yelling and getting angry when their kids do something wrong, and no acknowledgement when they do something right. My husband and I decided that we wanted to use tons of positive reinforcement with our kids. We have noticed that our children enjoy the positive reinforcement, and in general are more well behaved than some of the other kids we 've been around who don 't receive any.
13. Chapter 5 Punishment- Definition: Any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again. I have been around a lot of other young mothers, and some of them focus on punishment when it comes to raising their kids. Some of the other moms I have been around lack patience. Therefore, they yell and take things away from their kids, instead of paying attention to them and making sure they aren 't doing anything they shouldn 't be. I 've noticed that most of the kids who consistently experience punishment are less happy and act out more.
14. Chapter 6 Short-Term Memory- Definition: The memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used. My Grandma is 76 years old. She recently started having trouble with her short-term memory. Sometimes she will call me and tell me the same stories she had told me the day before. Sometimes she will call and ask me the same question multiple times in a day, because she had forgotten my answer.
15. Chapter 6 Selective Attention- Definition: The ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input. Selective attention has been an inside joke in our family for a long time. When the boys are watching a football game they all have selective attention. If I were to ask one of them to do a chore, such as take out the trash, nobody would hear me ask. However, if I were to ask if anyone wanted another beer, they would answer almost instantly.
16. Chapter 6 Maintenance Rehearsal- Definition: Practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one 's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory. Maintenance rehearsal is one of my best technique 's when studying for a test. After I make an outline of the chapter, I like to make flash cards. I will test myself with the flash cards over and over until I can answer all of them without hesitation. This method generally helps me to do well on my tests.
17. Chapter 7 Problem Solving- Definition: Process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways. I really enjoy problem solving. I love the challenge of figuring out how things have to be in order to work. We have always taught our kids to be problem solvers, because we wanted them to be able to be independent. For example, my kids have figured out that they need to wash their hands after lunch in order to keep their toys from getting sticky and ruined.
18. Chapter 7 Functional Fixedness- Definition: A block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions. I don 't think i have ever suffered from functional fixedness. If I have a problem, I can generally find something that will solve it. For example, I have used a bobby pin in order to unlock the bathroom door when my son unknowingly locked himself in. Another example is when the metal bar on our running stroller broke, and I used my husbands shoe lace in order to hold it together until we got back to our truck.
19. Chapter 7 Practical Intelligence- Definition: The ability to use information to get along in life and become successful. I think my brother in law is a good example of practical intelligence. He was an officer in the Navy, and his specialty was underwater demolition. Since he has been out of the Navy, he has been a very successful businessman. He never studied business, yet he has become a very sought after CEO of multiple companies.
20. Chapter 9 Motivation- Definition: The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met. I have wanted to be in the military as long as I can remember. I met my husband right out of high school, and we got married, had a baby, and he deployed all in the first year. I can 't imagine not spending all day with my kids while they 're still this young, but I still want to be in the military. My motivation for college is that I can still spend time with my babies now, but I 'm earning a degree so I can become an Officer once my kids start school.
21. Chapter 9 Need for Affiliation (nAff)- Definition: The need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others. I think it is in the human nature to have a need for affiliation. Everybody wants to have friends, and everybody wants to be liked. My daughter constantly talks about wanting to go to school or church to see her friends. She has a need for affiliation with other kids, even though she has yet to start school.
22. Chapter 9 Incentives- Definition: Things that attract or lure people into action. My husband recently got selected to become a Recruiter for the Marine Corps. There are many incentives for joining the military, but that 's because it 's a tough life. My husband decided he would rather sell people on the camaraderie and pride, rather than the incentives such as free housing and healthcare. He is striving to recruit potential Marines based on their quality, rather than the quantity he could attract with the freebies or incentives.
23. Chapter 12 Attitude- Definition: A tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea, or situation. I have learned from being a Marine wife that attitude is everything. Sometimes we have to do things we don 't necessarily want to do, but a positive attitude makes all the difference. We really didn 't want to get Recruiting, but we have made the best of the situation so far. We figure, this is our chance to live somewhere in the United States we wouldn 't chose on our own. Now we 're ready for the experience.
24. Chapter 12 Prejudice- Definition: Negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group. I think it 's sad that prejudice is still present in today 's society. We have come so far as a country, in terms of eliminating slavery and civil rights. Nobody can choose where they are born, or what color they are. I live for the day that prejudice and hate is eliminated.
25. Chapter 13 Rationalization- Definition: Psychological defense mechanism in which a person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior. I have been trying to stop getting Starbucks for a long time now. It isn 't as bad as getting fast food, but the drinks still have a lot of calories and sugar. I always rationalize my decision to stop, by telling myself what is one drink going to hurt. I won 't be able to stop getting Starbucks until I stop making excuses for why it 's okay.
References
Ciccarelli, S. K., & White, J. N. (2012). Psychology, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Individual Project
Application of Concepts
1. Chapter 1 Psychologist- Definition: A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology. For example, I saw a psychologist after a traumatic event when I was in 2nd grade . My family went to Santa 's Village (a Christmas theme park/carnival), as we had done every year with my whole family. My dad, my sister, and I went on the ferris wheel together, and half way during the ride it began to break. Parts started falling off, and it began to spin really fast forward, stop, and then spin really fast backward. I remember looking at my mom, who was standing on the ground with a look of horror, and mouthing that I loved her. A cable ended up …show more content…
snapping and running up my arm and across the top of my head. When they finally got it stopped, we were trapped at the very top, and were one of the last ones to get off. A firefighter, David, took me out of the seat and had me climb down the fire truck ladder with him. I had a lot of nightmares after that night, and that is why I saw a psychologist after the event.
2. Chapter 1 Hypothesis- Definition: Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations. For example, my seventh grade chemistry class is one of my favorite classes I have ever taken. We got to do many experiments with different chemicals. First we would learn about each chemical individually, then we would form a hypothesis based on our observations, and finally we would test our hypothesis ' through experiments. It was very exciting when our experiments supported our hypothesis '.
3. Chapter 1 Correlation- Definition: A measure of the relationship between two variables. For example, I usually get coffee at least once a day. I am always running around with a thousand things to do, and I stop at Starbucks when I start to feel tired. After I get my coffee, I no longer feel tired, and I am ready to take on the rest of my day. I definitely believe there is a (positive) correlation between drinking coffee, and my alertness/production level.
4. Chapter 2 Pancreas- Definition: Endocrine gland; controls the levels of sugar in the blood. For example, there are 2 types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Most people with Type 1 diabetes are diagnosed in their childhood, which is why it 's also referred to as Juvenile Diabetes. However, my dad was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of 33. His pancreas does not accurately control his blood sugar levels, so he has to manually give himself insulin in order to do so.
5.
Chapter 3 Gustation- Definition: The sensation of taste. Our taste buds are responsible for our sense of taste. We have so many overweight people in this country, because the foods that taste the best are usually the worst for us. I think life would be pretty dull if we didn 't have gustation. However, I think people would eat much healthier, and in turn not be so overweight.
6. Chapter 3 Olfaction (Olfactory sense)- Definition: The sensation of smell. Our olfactory sense is our ability to smell odors. I couldn 't imagine not having my olfactory sense, because there are so many beautiful smells in this world. I love the smell of the flowers in our garden, and the smell of breakfast when my husband cooks on the weekends. However, I wouldn 't mind not having olfaction when I have to change my 2 year old sons diapers.
7. Chapter 3 Similarity- Definition: The tendency to perceive things that look similar to each other as being part of the same group. We use similarity a lot in our house in order to stay organized. My children each have their own set of shelves with bins. When we clean up, we put similar things into the same bins. My kids get very excited when they can spot the similarities on their own, and put everything away
correctly.
8. Chapter 4 Consciousness- Definition: A person 's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior. A year and a half ago my husband had a wedding ring accident at work. He had never worn his ring on the flight line, but one morning he forgot to take it off. He was standing on a ladder that leads up to the cockpit on a Harrier, and either slipped or jumped down, and caught his ring on the canopy hook in the process. He nearly de-gloved his finger completely. Although he never lost consciousness, the whole event is kind of a blur to him.
9. Chapter 4 Sleep Deprivation- Definition: Any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability. My husband was on night crew for a very long time, which threw his sleeping patterns off. I always made sure the kids were quiet so he could sleep once he got home. I was also taking 18 credits last semester, so I had a lot of school work to keep up with. I ended up suffering from sleep deprivation, because I was more focused on my husband, my kids, and my school than I was taking care of myself. Most nights I would only get 3-4 hours of sleep.
10. Chapter 4 Alcohol- Definition: The chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter. Most of the people I know drink alcohol. I don 't know any alcoholics, just people who have a drink or two either with dinner or when we 're all hanging out together. Most people are surprised when they learn that I don 't drink. Alcohol just doesn 't taste good to me, and I 'd rather not drink and hang out with my kids.
11. Chapter 5 Conditioned Response- Definition: Learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus. Learning about the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response was very interesting to me. When I was in 5th grade I got hit in the face with a fastball while playing softball. I experienced a slight sense of fear every time I went up to bat after the incident. Thanks to this exercise, I learned that the feeling of fear was a conditioned response.
12. Chapter 5 Positive Reinforcement- Definition: Any event or stimulus, that when following a response, increases the probability that the response will occur again. Being a military wife, I have been around a ton of other mother 's and their children. I have witnessed a lot of yelling and getting angry when their kids do something wrong, and no acknowledgement when they do something right. My husband and I decided that we wanted to use tons of positive reinforcement with our kids. We have noticed that our children enjoy the positive reinforcement, and in general are more well behaved than some of the other kids we 've been around who don 't receive any.
13. Chapter 5 Punishment- Definition: Any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again. I have been around a lot of other young mothers, and some of them focus on punishment when it comes to raising their kids. Some of the other moms I have been around lack patience. Therefore, they yell and take things away from their kids, instead of paying attention to them and making sure they aren 't doing anything they shouldn 't be. I 've noticed that most of the kids who consistently experience punishment are less happy and act out more.
14. Chapter 6 Short-Term Memory- Definition: The memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used. My Grandma is 76 years old. She recently started having trouble with her short-term memory. Sometimes she will call me and tell me the same stories she had told me the day before. Sometimes she will call and ask me the same question multiple times in a day, because she had forgotten my answer.
15. Chapter 6 Selective Attention- Definition: The ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input. Selective attention has been an inside joke in our family for a long time. When the boys are watching a football game they all have selective attention. If I were to ask one of them to do a chore, such as take out the trash, nobody would hear me ask. However, if I were to ask if anyone wanted another beer, they would answer almost instantly.
16. Chapter 6 Maintenance Rehearsal- Definition: Practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one 's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory. Maintenance rehearsal is one of my best technique 's when studying for a test. After I make an outline of the chapter, I like to make flash cards. I will test myself with the flash cards over and over until I can answer all of them without hesitation. This method generally helps me to do well on my tests.
17. Chapter 7 Problem Solving- Definition: Process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways. I really enjoy problem solving. I love the challenge of figuring out how things have to be in order to work. We have always taught our kids to be problem solvers, because we wanted them to be able to be independent. For example, my kids have figured out that they need to wash their hands after lunch in order to keep their toys from getting sticky and ruined.
18. Chapter 7 Functional Fixedness- Definition: A block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions. I don 't think i have ever suffered from functional fixedness. If I have a problem, I can generally find something that will solve it. For example, I have used a bobby pin in order to unlock the bathroom door when my son unknowingly locked himself in. Another example is when the metal bar on our running stroller broke, and I used my husbands shoe lace in order to hold it together until we got back to our truck.
19. Chapter 7 Practical Intelligence- Definition: The ability to use information to get along in life and become successful. I think my brother in law is a good example of practical intelligence. He was an officer in the Navy, and his specialty was underwater demolition. Since he has been out of the Navy, he has been a very successful businessman. He never studied business, yet he has become a very sought after CEO of multiple companies.
20. Chapter 9 Motivation- Definition: The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met. I have wanted to be in the military as long as I can remember. I met my husband right out of high school, and we got married, had a baby, and he deployed all in the first year. I can 't imagine not spending all day with my kids while they 're still this young, but I still want to be in the military. My motivation for college is that I can still spend time with my babies now, but I 'm earning a degree so I can become an Officer once my kids start school.
21. Chapter 9 Need for Affiliation (nAff)- Definition: The need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others. I think it is in the human nature to have a need for affiliation. Everybody wants to have friends, and everybody wants to be liked. My daughter constantly talks about wanting to go to school or church to see her friends. She has a need for affiliation with other kids, even though she has yet to start school.
22. Chapter 9 Incentives- Definition: Things that attract or lure people into action. My husband recently got selected to become a Recruiter for the Marine Corps. There are many incentives for joining the military, but that 's because it 's a tough life. My husband decided he would rather sell people on the camaraderie and pride, rather than the incentives such as free housing and healthcare. He is striving to recruit potential Marines based on their quality, rather than the quantity he could attract with the freebies or incentives.
23. Chapter 12 Attitude- Definition: A tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea, or situation. I have learned from being a Marine wife that attitude is everything. Sometimes we have to do things we don 't necessarily want to do, but a positive attitude makes all the difference. We really didn 't want to get Recruiting, but we have made the best of the situation so far. We figure, this is our chance to live somewhere in the United States we wouldn 't chose on our own. Now we 're ready for the experience.
24. Chapter 12 Prejudice- Definition: Negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group. I think it 's sad that prejudice is still present in today 's society. We have come so far as a country, in terms of eliminating slavery and civil rights. Nobody can choose where they are born, or what color they are. I live for the day that prejudice and hate is eliminated.
25. Chapter 13 Rationalization- Definition: Psychological defense mechanism in which a person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior. I have been trying to stop getting Starbucks for a long time now. It isn 't as bad as getting fast food, but the drinks still have a lot of calories and sugar. I always rationalize my decision to stop, by telling myself what is one drink going to hurt. I won 't be able to stop getting Starbucks until I stop making excuses for why it 's okay.
References
Ciccarelli, S. K., & White, J. N. (2012). Psychology, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.