Psychology
THEORIES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
– Unconscious motives are repressed
– Development is a conflictual process
• Sexual and aggressive instincts that must be served, yet society dictates restraint
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Freud’s Psychosexual Theory – Three Components of Personality
• Id: satisfy inborn biological instincts, now
• Ego: conscious, rational, finds a realistic means of satisfying instincts
• Superego: seat of the conscience, develops between ages 3-6 as morals of parents are internalized
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
– Stages of Psychosexual Development
• Sex instinct, broadly defined, was most important • Focus of sex instinct shifts during development – shifts = stages
• Fixation – arrested development due to excess or a lack of gratification of needs
•
Table 2.1 Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
– Contributions and Criticisms
• Little evidence that oral, anal and genital conflicts predict adult personality
• Contributions
– Unconscious motivation
– Impact of early experiences
– Emotional side of development
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial
Development
– Comparing Erickson with Freud
• Children are active explorers, not passive slaves to biological urges
• Emphasis on cultural influences, less on sexual urges
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory
– Eight Life Crises (Psychosocial Stages)
• Emerge at a time dictated by biological maturation and social demands
• Must be resolved successfully for satisfactory resolution at next stage
• Extend throughout life
•
Table 2.2 Erickson’s and Freud’s Stages of Development
•
Table 2.2 Erickson’s and Freud’s Stages of Development (continued)
THE
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
– Unconscious motives are repressed
– Development is a conflictual process
• Sexual and aggressive instincts that must be served, yet society dictates restraint
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Freud’s Psychosexual Theory – Three Components of Personality
• Id: satisfy inborn biological instincts, now
• Ego: conscious, rational, finds a realistic means of satisfying instincts
• Superego: seat of the conscience, develops between ages 3-6 as morals of parents are internalized
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
– Stages of Psychosexual Development
• Sex instinct, broadly defined, was most important • Focus of sex instinct shifts during development – shifts = stages
• Fixation – arrested development due to excess or a lack of gratification of needs
•
Table 2.1 Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
– Contributions and Criticisms
• Little evidence that oral, anal and genital conflicts predict adult personality
• Contributions
– Unconscious motivation
– Impact of early experiences
– Emotional side of development
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial
Development
– Comparing Erickson with Freud
• Children are active explorers, not passive slaves to biological urges
• Emphasis on cultural influences, less on sexual urges
THE PSYCHOANALYTIC VIEWPOINT
• Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory
– Eight Life Crises (Psychosocial Stages)
• Emerge at a time dictated by biological maturation and social demands
• Must be resolved successfully for satisfactory resolution at next stage
• Extend throughout life
•
Table 2.2 Erickson’s and Freud’s Stages of Development
•
Table 2.2 Erickson’s and Freud’s Stages of Development (continued)
THE