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Psychology

Study |Change |Effect to results | |
|Loftus & Palmer |Get p’s to observe staged but “real” accident. 2. Higher ecological validity – accounts for variables|More accurate estimates of speed |
| |such as emotional response to situation. 3. Harder to replicate so lower reliability. 4. Not all may |Less Ps reporting broken glass |
| |have a clear view of incident. Reduce validity. |Less variation between verbs |
| | |Less alteration of memories |
|Gardner & Gardner |Use several chimpanzees in the study. Improves validity; chimps are social creatures & so behaviour |Learn more signs |
| |more likely to be normal than Washoe’s (lone chimp with human company). |Use syntax better |
| | |Better sentence construction |
|Deregowski |Present Hudson pictures on animal skin rather than paper. Evidence that p’s in original study were |Higher validity. More likely to be testing 3D/2D perception rather than familiarity with stimulus |
| |confused by paper used in presentation – not familiar with it. |materials. Likely

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