Psychology and Analytic Skills Bloom

Chapter 05
Stress

True / False Questions 1. The particular demands that cause people to experience stress are called strains.
True False 2. When people first encounter stressors, the process of primary appraisal is triggered.
True False 3. Stressful demands that are perceived as obstructing progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment are called challenge stressors.
True False 4. Although hindrance stressors can be exhausting, they often trigger positive emotions such as pride and enthusiasm.
True False 5. Role ambiguity is often experienced among new employees who haven't been around long enough to receive instructions from supervisors or observe and model the role behaviors of more senior colleagues.
True False 6. Role overload reflects the relatively minor day-to-day demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish.
True False 7. Although most people appraise situations with high time pressure as rather stressful, they also tend to appraise these situations as more challenging than hindering.
True False 8. Work complexity refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work, in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities, tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is not responsible for performing the work.
True False 9. Generally speaking, the level of responsibility in a job is higher when the number, scope, and importance of the obligations in the level of responsibility at job are higher.
True False 10. Work-family conflict is an example of nonwork hindrance stressor.
True False 11. Family time activities include participation in formal education programs, music lessons, sports-related training, hobby-related self-education, participation in local government, or volunteer work.
True False 12. In contrast to cognitive coping, behavioral coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation.
True False 13. Problem-focused coping refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself.
True False 14. Seeking assistance is an emotion-focused cognitive coping strategy.
True False 15. A critical factor that determines coping strategy choice is the degree to which people believe that a particular strategy gives them some degree of control over the stressor or how they feel about it.
True False 16. People are likely to feel more control over a stressor when they appraise it as a hindrance rather than a challenge.
True False 17. Headaches, tight shoulders, and back pain have all been linked to a variety of psychological stressors.
True False 18. Physiological stressors can cause problems in the body's musculoskeletal system.
True False 19. Physiological strains that result from stressors include depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, reduced self-confidence,
True False 20. Compulsive eating is an example of behavioral strain.
True False 21. Social support refers to the help that people receive when they are confronted with stressful demands.
True False 22. Social support refers to the help people receive in addressing the emotional distress that accompanies stressful demands.
True False 23. Strains have a weak negative effect on job performance.
True False 24. The first step in managing stress is to assess the type of stress in the workplace.
True False 25. Job sharing means splitting one job into two to reduce role overload.
True False 26. Although reducing stressors may reduce the overall level of stress that a person experiences, this approach is likely to be most beneficial when the focus of the effort is on challenge stressors rather than hindrance stressors.
True False 27. Hindrance stressors such as conflict and politics decrease commitment and job performance.
True False 28. One way that organizations provide resources to employees is through training interventions aimed at increasing job-related competencies and skills.
True False 29. Supportive practices are one way of helping employees cope with stressful demands.
True False 30. In general, relaxation techniques to reduce strain attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner.
True False

Multiple Choice Questions 31. Which of the following jobs is rated as the least stressful?
A. U.S. President
B. Attorney
C. Fisherman
D. Musical instrument repairer
E. Accountant 32. Which of the following job is rated as the most stressful?
A. U.S. President
B. Attorney
C. Fisherman
D. Musical instrument repairer
E. Accountant 33. Other than the job of a _____, all these jobs are rated as being highly stressful.
A. fire-fighter
B. taxi driver
C. real estate agent
D. fisherman
E. librarian 34. Other than the job of a _____, all these jobs are rated as being low on stress.
A. florist
B. taxi driver
C. appliance repairer
D. actuary
E. librarian 35. Which of these is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources?
A. Stressors
B. Type A behavior
C. Strains
D. Stress
E. Type B behavior 36. The particular demands that cause people to experience stress are called:
A. stressors.
B. Type C demands.
C. strains.
D. burnouts.
E. Type B demands. 37. The negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed one's capacity or resources are called:
A. stressors.
B. Type C patterns.
C. strains.
D. Type A patterns.
E. Type B patterns. 38. Transactional theory of stress deals with:
A. motion-focused behavior coping
B. primary appraisal & benign job demands
C. emotion-focused cognitive coping
D. problem-focused cognitive coping
E. behavior coping 39. When people first encounter stressors, the process of _____ is triggered.
A. behavioral appraisal
B. problem-focused appraisal
C. primary appraisal
D. benign job demands
E. secondary job demands 40. _____ occurs as people evaluate the significance and the meaning of the stressors they are confronting.
A. Primary appraisal
B. Benign job demands
C. Behavioral job demands
D. Secondary job demands
E. Problem-focused appraisal 41. Job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful are called:
A. secondary job demands.
B. primary appraisals.
C. secondary appraisals.
D. problem-focused events.
E. benign job demands. 42. Jodi works at a local coffee shop. She is trained well in the coffee shop operations. Her daily responsibilities include brewing five different types of coffee, keep them fresh, and serve them to customers. These types of job demands are called:
A. primary appraisal demands.
B. job sharing.
C. role overload.
D. benign job demands.
E. secondary job demands. 43. Stressful demands that are perceived as hindering progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment are called:
A. challenge stressors.
B. time pressures.
C. family time demands.
D. hindrance stressors.
E. work complexities. 44. Stressful demands that are perceived as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement are called:
A. challenge stressors.
B. daily hassles.
C. role conflicts.
D. hindrance stressors.
E. work-family conflicts. 45. Which of these is a work hindrance stressor?
A. Time pressure
B. Positive life events
C. Role overload
D. Negative life events
E. Role conflict 46. Which of these is not a work hindrance stressor?
A. Time pressure
B. Daily hassles
C. Role overload
D. Role ambiguity
E. Role conflict 47. Identify the work hindrance stressor.
A. Daily hassles
B. Positive life events
C. Work-family conflict
D. Negative life events
E. Work complexity 48. Which of these refers to conflicting expectations that other people may have of us?
A. Time pressure
B. Daily hassles
C. Role overload
D. Role ambiguity
E. Role conflict 49. Tammy is an advising center expert at a local college. Her job is to help students in course selection and staying on target for graduation. She is evaluated on how many students she sees on a daily basis but also how well or an effective job of advising she does with these students. Tammy tends to get stressed about the quantity and quality issue in her job. Which of these is Tammy experiencing?
A. Daily hassles
B. Role conflict
C. Role overload
D. Role ambiguity
E. Time pressure 50. _____ refers to the lack of information regarding what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role.
A. Time pressure
B. Daily hassles
C. Role overload
D. Role ambiguity
E. Role conflict 51. Rita is a new employee at ABC International. She hasn't been around long enough to receive instructions from her supervisors or observe and model the behaviors of more senior colleagues. When asked to come up with a project proposal for a government grant, Rita is more likely to experience:
A. work-family conflict.
B. daily hassles.
C. non-work challenge stressors.
D. role ambiguity.
E. role conflict. 52. Students sometimes experience _____ when professors remain vague about particular course requirements or how grading is going to be performed; the class becomes stressful because it is not quite clear what it takes to get a good grade.
A. role ambiguity
B. daily hassles
C. role overload
D. personal development
E. role conflict 53. _____ occurs when the number of demanding roles a person holds is so high that the person simply cannot perform some or all of the roles very effectively.
A. Time pressure
B. Daily hassles
C. Role overload
D. Role ambiguity
E. Role conflict 54. Which of the following reflects the relatively minor day-to-day demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish?
A. Family time demands
B. Daily hassles
C. Personal development
D. Positive life events
E. Negative life events 55. Which of these is a work challenge stressor?
A. Time pressure
B. Positive life events
C. Role overload
D. Negative life events
E. Work complexity 56. Which of these refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work, in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities, tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is responsible for performing the work?
A. Work responsibility
B. Time pressure
C. Work complexity
D. Role conflict
E. Negative life events 57. Tyson was a successful manager being groomed for an executive-level position. One day he was asked to manage a poorly performing production facility with poor labor relations in a country halfway around the world. This scenario is indicative of which work challenge stressor?
A. Work complexity
B. Work development
C. Work responsibility
D. Work complexity and work development
E. Work development and work responsibility 58. Financial uncertainty is a type of:
A. non work hindrance stressor.
B. work hindrance stressor.
C. work challenge stressor.
D. non work challenge stressor.
E. motivating stressor. 59. _____ refers to the nature of the obligations that a person has to others.
A. Negative life events
B. Time pressure
C. Work complexity
D. Role conflict
E. Work responsibility 60. Identify the non-work hindrance stressor.
A. Role overload
B. Daily hassles
C. Work complexity
D. Work responsibility
E. Work-family conflict 61. Which of these is a non-work hindrance stressor?
A. Time pressure
B. Positive life events
C. Role overload
D. Negative life events
E. Work complexity 62. Work-family conflict is a special form of:
A. time pressure.
B. daily hassles.
C. role overload.
D. role ambiguity.
E. role conflict. 63. Which of the following is considered the most stressful life event?
A. Retirement
B. Change in residence
C. Death of a spouse
D. Fired at work
E. Child leaving home 64. Which of these is a non-work challenge stressor?
A. Time pressure
B. Positive life events
C. Role overload
D. Negative life events
E. Role conflict 65. _____ reflect the time that a person commits to participate in an array of family activities and responsibilities.
A. Work - family conflicts
B. Change in family get-togethers
C. Negative life events
D. Family time demands
E. Positive life events 66. Family time demands is which type of stressor?
A. Non-work challenge stressor
B. Non-work hindrance stressor
C. Work challenge stressor
D. Work hindrance stressor
E. Behavioral stressor 67. Activities including participation in formal education programs, music lessons, sports-related training, hobby-related self-education, participation in local government, or volunteer work are examples of:
A. personal development.
B. professional development.
C. self actualization.
D. management development.
E. change management. 68. Of the following, which is the least stressful life event?
A. Child leaving home
B. Trouble with in-laws
C. Change in schools
D. The holiday season
E. Marital reconciliation 69. After people appraise a stressful demand, they ask themselves, "What should I do" and "What can I do" to deal with this situation? These questions reflect:
A. primary appraisal.
B. secondary appraisal.
C. secondary job demands.
D. problem-focused events.
E. behavioral job demands. 70. When Randy encounters stressors, his secondary appraisal would center on the issue of:
A. is this stressful?
B. do I want this?
C. how can I cope?
D. can someone else take it?
E. how can I avoid this? 71. _____ refers to the behaviors and thoughts that people use to manage both the stressful demands that they face and the emotions associated with those stressful demands.
A. Coping
B. Strains
C. Type A behavior pattern
D. Stressors
E. Negative life events 72. Which of these involves the set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation?
A. Negative life events
B. Strains
C. Type A behavior pattern
D. Positive life events
E. Behavioral coping 73. Janet has several daily hassles and copes by avoiding work—coming in late, leaving early, or even staying home. This is an example of:
A. positive life events.
B. emotion-focused cognitive coping.
C. behavioral coping.
D. problem-focused cognitive coping.
E. perception coping. 74. Which of the following refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation?
A. Cognitive coping
B. Emotion-focused behavior coping
C. Negative life events
D. Problem-focused behavior coping
E. Type B behavior pattern 75. Which of these is not an example of problem-focused coping?
A. Seeking assistance from co-workers
B. Self-motivation
C. Acquiring additional resources
D. Seeking emotional support
E. Strategizing 76. When Amber is confronted with a lot of time pressure at work, she chooses to cope by working faster and harder. This is an example of:
A. emotion-focused behavior coping.
B. problem-focused behavior coping.
C. fear-focused cognitive coping.
D. anxiety-focused cognitive coping.
E. stress-focused behavior coping. 77. Lately, Cory has been facing significant increase in time pressure at work. He has been strategizing about different ways of accomplishing the work more effectively. This is an example of:
A. fear-focused behavior coping.
B. stress-focused behavior coping.
C. emotion-focused cognitive coping.
D. problem-focused cognitive coping.
E. anxiety-focused cognitive coping. 78. Working harder or seeking assistance are examples of:
A. conflict-focused behavior coping.
B. problem-focused behavior coping.
C. anxiety-focused cognitive coping.
D. stress-focused cognitive coping.
E. fear-focused cognitive coping. 79. Self-motivation and changing priorities are examples of:
A. fear-focused behavior coping.
B. conflict-focused behavior coping.
C. emotion-focused cognitive coping.
D. problem-focused cognitive coping.
E. stress-focused behavior coping. 80. All of these are examples of emotion-focused coping except:
A. venting anger.
B. self-motivation.
C. engaging in alternative activities.
D. seeking support.
E. reappraising. 81. Working at Garden Tools, Inc. David is confronted with daily hassles lately which have been quite frustrating for him. If David reappraises the situation, looking for positive in this negative situation and comes to the conclusion that the hassles are not that bad after all, it is an example of:
A. stress-focused behavior coping.
B. problem-focused behavior coping.
C. emotion-focused cognitive coping.
D. fear-focused cognitive coping.
E. stress-focused cognitive coping. 82. Seeking support and venting anger are examples of:
A. emotion-focused behavior coping.
B. anxiety-focused behavior coping.
C. stress-focused cognitive coping.
D. fear-focused cognitive coping.
E. problem-focused cognitive coping. 83. Looking for the positive in the negative; and avoiding, distancing, and ignoring are examples of:
A. stress-focused behavior coping.
B. problem-focused behavior coping.
C. emotion-focused cognitive coping.
D. anxiety-focused cognitive coping.
E. fear-focused behavior coping. 84. The emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion that results from having to cope with stressful demands on an ongoing basis is called:
A. burnout.
B. type A behavior pattern.
C. type B behavior pattern.
D. stressor.
E. benign job demands. 85. Physiological strains that result from stressors occur in all of these systems of the human body except:
A. immune system.
B. cardiovascular system.
C. musculoskeletal system.
D. gastrointestinal system.
E. nervous system. 86. Due to time pressure and heavy workload, John has developed high blood pressure and started to show forgetfulness at work and home. These are examples of:
A. physiological and behavioral strains.
B. psychological and behavioral strains.
C. physiological and psychological strains.
D. internal and external strains.
E. psychological and cognitive strains. 87. Depression, anxiety, and anger reflect which of these?
A. Physiological strain
B. Psychological strain
C. Behavioral strain
D. Physical strain
E. Cognitive strain 88. Alcohol and drug abuse are examples of which of these?
A. Physiological strain
B. Psychological strain
C. Behavioral strain
D. Physical strain
E. Cognitive strain 89. Jessica has always been an impatient, hard-driving, competitive, controlling, and aggressive in everything she does. Jessica can be described as a:
A. neurotic personality.
B. type A individual.
C. psychotic personality.
D. type B individual.
E. type C individual. 90. All of these are true about Type A behavior pattern except:
A. it may have a direct influence on the level of stressors that a person confronts.
B. it influences the stress process.
C. it has been directly linked to the coronary heart disease.
D. it promotes physiological but not psychological and behavioral strains.
E. People with this behavior pattern have a strong sense of time urgency. 91. Which of the following statements about Type A individuals is false?
A. They tend to be hard-driving.
B. They have a strong desire to achieve.
C. They receive "rewards" in the form of increases in the amount of work required.
D. They tend to be aggressive and competitive.
E. They are less prone to interpersonal conflict. 92. There are two major types of social support:
A. physiological and behavioral.
B. instrumental and emotional.
C. physiological and psychological.
D. internal and external.
E. behavioral and cognitive. 93. Which of these refers to the help people receive when that can be used to address the stressful demand directly?
A. Instrumental support
B. Physiological support
C. Emotional support
D. Psychological support
E. Internal support 94. Jack recently received a job to do with a heavy workload and a short turnaround deadline. Sam, Jack's co-worker, observed this stressful situation and took half the workload so the department could meet the deadline. The support received by Jack can be best described as which of these?
A. Marginal support
B. Physiological support
C. Emotional support
D. Psychological support
E. Instrumental support 95. _____ support refers to the help people receive in addressing the emotional distress that accompanies stressful demands.
A. Instrumental
B. Emotional
C. Psychological
D. Physiological
E. Cognitive 96. Hindrance stressors have _____ effect on job performance.
A. no
B. a strong negative
C. a strong positive
D. a moderately negative
E. a moderately positive 97. Research reveals that strains have _____ effect on organizational commitment.
A. no
B. a strong negative
C. a strong positive
D. a moderately negative
E. a moderately positive 98. Which of the following statements about the effects of strains on performance and commitment is true?
A. Strains have a strong negative effect on job performance.
B. Strains have a moderate negative effect on organizational commitment.
C. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to have moderate levels of task performance.
D. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to feel strong levels of affective commitment.
E. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to feel lower levels of normative commitment. 99. People who experience higher levels of challenge stressors tend to have higher levels of:
A. task performance.
B. deviant performance.
C. withdrawal behavior.
D. affective commitment.
E. conformist behavior. 100. Two people sharing the responsibilities of a single job, as if the two people were a single performing unit is known as:
A. job sharing.
B. telecommuting.
C. compressed working hours.
D. contracting.
E. term-time working. 101. _____ can be used to reduce role overload and foster work-life balance.
A. Job sharing
B. Work challenge stressors
C. Non-work challenge stressors
D. Negative life events
E. Time pressure 102. Organizations can provide _____ that help employees cope with stressful demands.
A. primary appraisal
B. role overloads
C. training interventions
D. hindrance stressors
E. role ambiguity 103. All of these are examples of supportive practices used by organizations that help employees manage and balance the demands that exists for them in their jobs except:
A. compressed workweek.
B. full-time telecommuting.
C. on-site child care.
D. primary performance appraisal.
E. flextime. 104. As an alternative to managing stressors, many organizations use _____ that reduce strains.
A. compressed workweek
B. relaxation techniques
C. on-site child care
D. primary performance appraisal
E. flextime 105. Which of these techniques attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner?
A. Compressed workweek
B. Relaxation
C. On-site child care
D. Cognitive-behavioral
E. Flextime Scenario: Stress at ABC Federal
Sara and Laura work at ABC Federal, a medium-sized bank with 240 branches in 8 states. Sara works as a teller and Laura works as one of five regional supervisors of all tellers. Sara recently received instructions from her supervisor that all tellers will be evaluated on number of people she assists at her window per day. Serving more customers means higher performance effectiveness. However, Sara is also expected to follow the bank's number one goal of customer satisfaction. Laura on the other hand is facing a difficult situation. Two of the regional supervisors left the bank for other opportunities resulting in significant increase in work responsibility and time pressure for Laura and the remaining two supervisors. The bank hired Jason in the management trainee position to take over one of the supervisor's position. Two days into his new job, he was asked to take over the territory and learn on the job. It is becoming quite difficult for Jason as he also takes care of his elderly parents, and his wife is expecting twins. 106. Sara is facing which of these stressors?
A. Non-work challenge
B. Work hindrance
C. Non-work hindrance
D. Work challenge
E. Work complexity 107. Sara can be described as facing which of these?
A. Role overload
B. Role conflict
C. Role ambiguity
D. Work-family conflicts
E. Daily hassles 108. Jason can be described as facing which of these?
A. Role overload
B. Role conflict
C. Role ambiguity
D. Negative life events
E. Daily hassles 109. Laura is facing which of these stressors?
A. Non-work challenge
B. Wok hindrance
C. Non-work hindrance
D. Work challenge
E. Performance hindrance

True / False Questions 110. Jason is facing the non-work challenge stressor; family time demands.
True False

Multiple Choice Questions Scenario: Time Pressures at United Papers
Abbey, Bianca, and Cassandra were discussing the recent difficult times they were facing at United Papers, a newspaper and magazine publishing company. Abbey indicated that as she is facing time pressures in her department. She also noted that she is coping by working harder to meet the workload and the ever tightening deadlines. Bianca immediately remarked that she is facing the similar situation but instead of working harder and longer hours, she is constantly thinking about how to best meet her work demands more efficiently. Cassandra simply got angry and said "why should we have to work harder or to strategize? It is the company's responsibility to get enough people to work different jobs". Abbey suggested to Cassandra that instead of venting anger she should find a way to get the work done. 111. Abbey and Bianca are facing which type of stressor at United Papers?
A. Non-work challenge
B. Emotion-focused behavior
C. Non-work hindrance
D. Work challenge
E. Emotion-focused cognitive 112. Which of these coping strategies is utilized by Abbey?
A. Emotion-focused behavior coping
B. Problem-focused behavior coping
C. Emotion-focused cognitive coping
D. Problem-focused cognitive coping
E. Cognitive coping. 113. Which of these coping strategies is utilized by Bianca?
A. Emotion-focused behavior coping
B. Problem-focused behavior coping
C. Emotion-focused cognitive coping
D. Problem-focused cognitive coping
E. Behavior coping 114. Cassandra appears to be using which of these coping strategies?
A. Emotion-focused behavior coping
B. Problem-focused behavior coping
C. Emotion-focused cognitive coping
D. Problem-focused cognitive coping
E. Cognitive coping

Essay Questions 115. Define stress. What are the symptoms often associated with stress? Provide an example of a stressful situation relating to you and explain how it may have affected your job performance.

116. Explain the difference between hindrance stressors and challenge stressors. What are the four types of stressors? Provide an example of a stressor for each type.

117. Compare and contrast the stresses related with a divorce and the holiday season. Why is the stress score of a divorce so much higher than that of holidays?

118. Do people cope with stressors differently? Explain the four broad categories of coping. How do you tend to deal with situations?

119. Describe Type A Behavior Patterns. Do you feel you are a Type A individual? Explain.

120. Is stress important? Why? Provide some examples to justify you answer.

121. What is a stress audit? Explain how to reduce stressors and strains.

Chapter 05 Stress Answer Key

True / False Questions 1. (p. 144) The particular demands that cause people to experience stress are called strains.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Stress 2. (p. 144) When people first encounter stressors, the process of primary appraisal is triggered.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Why Are Some Employees More "Stressed" Than Others 3. (p. 144-145) Stressful demands that are perceived as obstructing progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment are called challenge stressors.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 4. (p. 145) Although hindrance stressors can be exhausting, they often trigger positive emotions such as pride and enthusiasm.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 5. (p. 145) Role ambiguity is often experienced among new employees who haven't been around long enough to receive instructions from supervisors or observe and model the role behaviors of more senior colleagues.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Hindrance Stressors 6. (p. 146) Role overload reflects the relatively minor day-to-day demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Hindrance Stressors 7. (p. 146) Although most people appraise situations with high time pressure as rather stressful, they also tend to appraise these situations as more challenging than hindering.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Challenge Stressors 8. (p. 147-148) Work complexity refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work, in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities, tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is not responsible for performing the work.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: Work Challenge Stressors 9. (p. 148) Generally speaking, the level of responsibility in a job is higher when the number, scope, and importance of the obligations in the level of responsibility at job are higher.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Challenge Stressors 10. (p. 148) Work-family conflict is an example of nonwork hindrance stressor.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Hindrance Stressors 11. (p. 149) Family time activities include participation in formal education programs, music lessons, sports-related training, hobby-related self-education, participation in local government, or volunteer work.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Challenge Stressors 12. (p. 151) In contrast to cognitive coping, behavioral coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 13. (p. 151) Problem-focused coping refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 14. (p. 151) Seeking assistance is an emotion-focused cognitive coping strategy.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 15. (p. 152) A critical factor that determines coping strategy choice is the degree to which people believe that a particular strategy gives them some degree of control over the stressor or how they feel about it.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 16. (p. 152) People are likely to feel more control over a stressor when they appraise it as a hindrance rather than a challenge.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 17. (p. 153) Headaches, tight shoulders, and back pain have all been linked to a variety of psychological stressors.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: The Experience Of Strain 18. (p. 153) Physiological stressors can cause problems in the body's musculoskeletal system.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: The Experience Of Strain 19. (p. 153) Physiological strains that result from stressors include depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, reduced self-confidence,
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: The Experience Of Strain 20. (p. 155) Compulsive eating is an example of behavioral strain.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: The Experience Of Strain 21. (p. 155) Social support refers to the help that people receive when they are confronted with stressful demands.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-04 How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
Topic: Accounting For Individuals In The Stress Process 22. (p. 155) Social support refers to the help people receive in addressing the emotional distress that accompanies stressful demands.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-04 How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
Topic: Accounting For Individuals In The Stress Process 23. (p. 159) Strains have a weak negative effect on job performance.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-05 How does stress affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important Is Stress? 24. (p. 161) The first step in managing stress is to assess the type of stress in the workplace.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Assessment 25. (p. 162) Job sharing means splitting one job into two to reduce role overload.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Reducing Stressors 26. (p. 162) Although reducing stressors may reduce the overall level of stress that a person experiences, this approach is likely to be most beneficial when the focus of the effort is on challenge stressors rather than hindrance stressors.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Avoiding Resources 27. (p. 162) Hindrance stressors such as conflict and politics decrease commitment and job performance.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Application: Avoiding Resources 28. (p. 162) One way that organizations provide resources to employees is through training interventions aimed at increasing job-related competencies and skills.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Application: Avoiding Resources 29. (p. 162) Supportive practices are one way of helping employees cope with stressful demands.
TRUE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Application: Avoiding Resources 30. (p. 164-165) In general, relaxation techniques to reduce strain attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner.
FALSE

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Reducing Strains

Multiple Choice Questions 31. (p. 143) Which of the following jobs is rated as the least stressful?
A. U.S. President
B. Attorney
C. Fisherman
D. Musical instrument repairer
E. Accountant
Stress is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Stress 32. (p. 143) Which of the following job is rated as the most stressful?
A. U.S. President
B. Attorney
C. Fisherman
D. Musical instrument repairer
E. Accountant
Stress is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Stress 33. (p. 143) Other than the job of a _____, all these jobs are rated as being highly stressful.
A. fire-fighter
B. taxi driver
C. real estate agent
D. fisherman
E. librarian
Stress is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Stress 34. (p. 143) Other than the job of a _____, all these jobs are rated as being low on stress.
A. florist
B. taxi driver
C. appliance repairer
D. actuary
E. librarian
Stress is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Stress 35. (p. 144) Which of these is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources?
A. Stressors
B. Type A behavior
C. Strains
D. Stress
E. Type B behavior
Stress is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Stress 36. (p. 144) The particular demands that cause people to experience stress are called:
A. stressors.
B. Type C demands.
C. strains.
D. burnouts.
E. Type B demands.
Stress is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources. The particular demands that cause people to experience stress are called stressors.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Stress 37. (p. 144) The negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed one's capacity or resources are called:
A. stressors.
B. Type C patterns.
C. strains.
D. Type A patterns.
E. Type B patterns.
The negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed one's capacity or resources are called strains.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Stress 38. (p. 144) Transactional theory of stress deals with:
A. motion-focused behavior coping
B. primary appraisal & benign job demands
C. emotion-focused cognitive coping
D. problem-focused cognitive coping
E. behavior coping
Transactional theory of stress deals on how stressors are perceived and appraised, as well as how people respond to the perceptions and appraisals. When people first encounter stressors, the process of primary appraisal is triggered. Job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful are called benign job demands.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Why Are Some Employees More "Stressed" Than Others 39. (p. 144) When people first encounter stressors, the process of _____ is triggered.
A. behavioral appraisal
B. problem-focused appraisal
C. primary appraisal
D. benign job demands
E. secondary job demands
Primary appraisal occurs as people evaluate the significance and the meaning of the stressors they are confronting. Here, people first consider whether a demand causes them to feel stressed, and if it does, they consider the implications of the stressor in terms of their personal goals and overall well-being.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Why Are Some Employees More "Stressed" Than Others 40. (p. 144) _____ occurs as people evaluate the significance and the meaning of the stressors they are confronting.
A. Primary appraisal
B. Benign job demands
C. Behavioral job demands
D. Secondary job demands
E. Problem-focused appraisal
Primary appraisal occurs as people evaluate the significance and the meaning of the stressors they are confronting. Here, people first consider whether a demand causes them to feel stressed, and if it does, they consider the implications of the stressor in terms of their personal goals and overall well-being.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Why Are Some Employees More "Stressed" Than Others 41. (p. 144) Job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful are called:
A. secondary job demands.
B. primary appraisals.
C. secondary appraisals.
D. problem-focused events.
E. benign job demands.
Job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful are called benign job demands.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Why Are Some Employees More "Stressed" Than Others 42. (p. 144) Jodi works at a local coffee shop. She is trained well in the coffee shop operations. Her daily responsibilities include brewing five different types of coffee, keep them fresh, and serve them to customers. These types of job demands are called:
A. primary appraisal demands.
B. job sharing.
C. role overload.
D. benign job demands.
E. secondary job demands.
Job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful are called benign job demands. Since Jodi's job looks simple, her job demands can be classified under benign job demands.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Why Are Some Employees More "Stressed" Than Others 43. (p. 144-145) Stressful demands that are perceived as hindering progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment are called:
A. challenge stressors.
B. time pressures.
C. family time demands.
D. hindrance stressors.
E. work complexities.
Hindrance stressors tend to trigger negative emotions such as anger and anxiety. In contrast, managing additional responsibilities or higher workloads has a long-term benefit, in that it helps build the employee's skills.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 44. (p. 145) Stressful demands that are perceived as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement are called:
A. challenge stressors.
B. daily hassles.
C. role conflicts.
D. hindrance stressors.
E. work-family conflicts.
One type of work-related challenge stressor is time pressure—a strong sense that the amount of time you have to do a task is just not quite enough.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 45. (p. 145) Which of these is a work hindrance stressor?
A. Time pressure
B. Positive life events
C. Role overload
D. Negative life events
E. Role conflict
Role overload occurs when the number of demanding roles a person holds is so high that the person simply cannot perform some or all of the roles very effectively. Role overload as a source of stress is becoming very prevalent for employees in many different industries.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 46. (p. 145) Which of these is not a work hindrance stressor?
A. Time pressure
B. Daily hassles
C. Role overload
D. Role ambiguity
E. Role conflict
Daily hassles, role overload, role ambiguity and role conflict are some of the types of work hindrance stressor. Time pressure is a type non work challenge- stressor.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 47. (p. 145) Identify the work hindrance stressor.
A. Daily hassles
B. Positive life events
C. Work-family conflict
D. Negative life events
E. Work complexity
Daily hassles, reflects the relatively minor day-to-day demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 48. (p. 145) Which of these refers to conflicting expectations that other people may have of us?
A. Time pressure
B. Daily hassles
C. Role overload
D. Role ambiguity
E. Role conflict
Role conflict occurs when the demands of a work role hinder the fulfillment of the demands of a family role (or vice versa).

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 49. (p. 145) Tammy is an advising center expert at a local college. Her job is to help students in course selection and staying on target for graduation. She is evaluated on how many students she sees on a daily basis but also how well or an effective job of advising she does with these students. Tammy tends to get stressed about the quantity and quality issue in her job. Which of these is Tammy experiencing?
A. Daily hassles
B. Role conflict
C. Role overload
D. Role ambiguity
E. Time pressure
Role conflict occurs when the demands of a work role hinder the fulfillment of the demands of a family role (or vice versa).
Tammy tends to get stressed about the quantity and quality issue in her job. Clearly Tammy is experiencing role conflict.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 50. (p. 145) _____ refers to the lack of information regarding what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role.
A. Time pressure
B. Daily hassles
C. Role overload
D. Role ambiguity
E. Role conflict
Role ambiguity refers to a lack of information about what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 51. (p. 145) Rita is a new employee at ABC International. She hasn't been around long enough to receive instructions from her supervisors or observe and model the behaviors of more senior colleagues. When asked to come up with a project proposal for a government grant, Rita is more likely to experience:
A. work-family conflict.
B. daily hassles.
C. non-work challenge stressors.
D. role ambiguity.
E. role conflict.
Role ambiguity refers to a lack of information about what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 52. (p. 146) Students sometimes experience _____ when professors remain vague about particular course requirements or how grading is going to be performed; the class becomes stressful because it is not quite clear what it takes to get a good grade.
A. role ambiguity
B. daily hassles
C. role overload
D. personal development
E. role conflict
Role ambiguity refers to a lack of information about what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 53. (p. 146) _____ occurs when the number of demanding roles a person holds is so high that the person simply cannot perform some or all of the roles very effectively.
A. Time pressure
B. Daily hassles
C. Role overload
D. Role ambiguity
E. Role conflict
Role overload occurs when the number of demanding roles a person holds is so high that the person simply cannot perform some or all of the roles very effectively.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 54. (p. 146) Which of the following reflects the relatively minor day-to-day demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish?
A. Family time demands
B. Daily hassles
C. Personal development
D. Positive life events
E. Negative life events
Daily hassle is a type of work hindrance stressor. Family time demands, personal development, and positive life events are types of non work challenge stressor. Negative life event is a type of non work hindrance stressor.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Hindrance Stressors 55. (p. 146) Which of these is a work challenge stressor?
A. Time pressure
B. Positive life events
C. Role overload
D. Negative life events
E. Work complexity
One type of work-related challenge stressor is time pressure—a strong sense that the amount of time you have to do a task is just not quite enough.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Challenge Stressors 56. (p. 147-148) Which of these refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work, in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities, tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is responsible for performing the work?
A. Work responsibility
B. Time pressure
C. Work complexity
D. Role conflict
E. Negative life events
Work complexity refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work, in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities, tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is responsible for performing the work.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Challenge Stressors 57. (p. 147-148) Tyson was a successful manager being groomed for an executive-level position. One day he was asked to manage a poorly performing production facility with poor labor relations in a country halfway around the world. This scenario is indicative of which work challenge stressor?
A. Work complexity
B. Work development
C. Work responsibility
D. Work complexity and work development
E. Work development and work responsibility
Work complexity refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work, in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities, tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is responsible for performing the work.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Challenge Stressors 58. (p. 148) Financial uncertainty is a type of:
A. non work hindrance stressor.
B. work hindrance stressor.
C. work challenge stressor.
D. non work challenge stressor.
E. motivating stressor.
A type of nonwork hindrance stressor is financial uncertainty. This type of stressor refers to conditions that create uncertainties with regard to the loss of livelihood, savings, or the ability to pay expenses.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Challenge Stressors 59. (p. 148) _____ refers to the nature of the obligations that a person has to others.
A. Negative life events
B. Time pressure
C. Work complexity
D. Role conflict
E. Work responsibility
Work responsibility refers to the nature of the obligations that a person has toward others. Generally speaking, the level of responsibility in a job is higher when the number, scope, and importance of the obligations in that job are higher.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Challenge Stressors 60. (p. 148) Identify the non-work hindrance stressor.
A. Role overload
B. Daily hassles
C. Work complexity
D. Work responsibility
E. Work-family conflict
Work - family conflict, a special form of role conflict in which the demands of a work role hinder the fulfillment of the demands of a family role (or vice versa).

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Hindrance Stressors 61. (p. 148) Which of these is a non-work hindrance stressor?
A. Time pressure
B. Positive life events
C. Role overload
D. Negative life events
E. Work complexity
Negative life events include family events such as the death of a spouse or close family member, a divorce or marital separation, a jail term, or a personal illness. These events would be classified as hindrance stressors because they hinder the ability to achieve life goals and are associated with negative emotions.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Hindrance Stressors 62. (p. 148) Work-family conflict is a special form of:
A. time pressure.
B. daily hassles.
C. role overload.
D. role ambiguity.
E. role conflict.
Work - family conflict, a special form of role conflict in which the demands of a work role hinder the fulfillment of the demands of a family role.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Hindrance Stressors 63. (p. 149) Which of the following is considered the most stressful life event?
A. Retirement
B. Change in residence
C. Death of a spouse
D. Fired at work
E. Child leaving home
Family events such as the death of a spouse or close family member, a divorce or marital separation, a jail term, or a personal illness. These events would be classified as hindrance stressors because they hinder the ability to achieve life goals and are associated with negative emotions.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Challenge Stressors 64. (p. 149) Which of these is a non-work challenge stressor?
A. Time pressure
B. Positive life events
C. Role overload
D. Negative life events
E. Role conflict
Positive life events like marriage, pregnancy, the addition of a new family member, and ending school are all stressful in their own way. However, each is associated with some positive, rather than negative, emotions.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Challenge Stressors 65. (p. 149) _____ reflect the time that a person commits to participate in an array of family activities and responsibilities.
A. Work - family conflicts
B. Change in family get-togethers
C. Negative life events
D. Family time demands
E. Positive life events
Family time demands reflect the time that a person commits to participate in an array of family activities and responsibilities. Specific examples of family time demands include time spent involved in family pursuits such as traveling, attending social events and organized activities, hosting parties, and planning and making home improvements.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Challenge Stressors 66. (p. 149) Family time demands is which type of stressor?
A. Non-work challenge stressor
B. Non-work hindrance stressor
C. Work challenge stressor
D. Work hindrance stressor
E. Behavioral stressor
Family time demands reflect the time that a person commits to participate in an array of family activities and responsibilities.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Challenge Stressors 67. (p. 149) Activities including participation in formal education programs, music lessons, sports-related training, hobby-related self-education, participation in local government, or volunteer work are examples of:
A. personal development.
B. professional development.
C. self actualization.
D. management development.
E. change management.
Personal development activities include participation in formal education programs, music lessons, sports-related training, hobby related self-education, participation in local government, or volunteer work.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Challenge Stressors 68. (p. 149) Of the following, which is the least stressful life event?
A. Child leaving home
B. Trouble with in-laws
C. Change in schools
D. The holiday season
E. Marital reconciliation
Stress is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake and coping with those demands taxes or exceeds a person's capacity or resources.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Challenge Stressors 69. (p. 150) After people appraise a stressful demand, they ask themselves, "What should I do" and "What can I do" to deal with this situation? These questions reflect:
A. primary appraisal.
B. secondary appraisal.
C. secondary job demands.
D. problem-focused events.
E. behavioral job demands.
After people appraise a stressful demand, they ask themselves, "What should I do" and "What can I do" to deal with this situation? These questions, which reflect the secondary appraisal, center on the issue of how people cope with the various stressors that they face.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 70. (p. 145, 150) When Randy encounters stressors, his secondary appraisal would center on the issue of:
A. is this stressful?
B. do I want this?
C. how can I cope?
D. can someone else take it?
E. how can I avoid this?
After people appraise a stressful demand, they ask themselves, "What should I do" and "What can I do" to deal with this situation? These questions, which reflect the secondary appraisal, center on the issue of how people cope with the various stressors that they face.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 71. (p. 150) _____ refers to the behaviors and thoughts that people use to manage both the stressful demands that they face and the emotions associated with those stressful demands.
A. Coping
B. Strains
C. Type A behavior pattern
D. Stressors
E. Negative life events
Coping refers to the behaviors and thoughts that people use to manage both the stressful demands that they face and the emotions associated with those stressful demands. The first part of our coping definition highlights the idea that methods of coping can be categorized on the basis of whether they involve behaviors or cognitions.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 72. (p. 150) Which of these involves the set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation?
A. Negative life events
B. Strains
C. Type A behavior pattern
D. Positive life events
E. Behavioral coping
Behavioral coping involves the set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation. In one example of behavioral coping, a person who is confronted with a lot of time pressure at work might chose to cope by working faster. In another example of behavioral coping, an employee who has several daily hassles might cope by avoiding work—coming in late, leaving early, or even staying home.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 73. (p. 150) Janet has several daily hassles and copes by avoiding work—coming in late, leaving early, or even staying home. This is an example of:
A. positive life events.
B. emotion-focused cognitive coping.
C. behavioral coping.
D. problem-focused cognitive coping.
E. perception coping.
Behavioral coping involves the set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation.
Janet is feeling the stress due to several daily hassles. In order to overcome the stress she avoids work by coming in late, leaving early, or even staying at home. She is clearly exhibiting behavioral coping.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 74. (p. 151) Which of the following refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation?
A. Cognitive coping
B. Emotion-focused behavior coping
C. Negative life events
D. Problem-focused behavior coping
E. Type B behavior pattern
Cognitive coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation. For example, the person who is confronted with an increase in time pressure might cope by thinking about different ways of accomplishing the work more efficiently.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 75. (p. 151) Which of these is not an example of problem-focused coping?
A. Seeking assistance from co-workers
B. Self-motivation
C. Acquiring additional resources
D. Seeking emotional support
E. Strategizing
Seeking assistance from co workers, self motivation, acquiring additional resources, and strategizing are examples of problem focused coping. Seeking emotional support is a type of social support.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 76. (p. 151) When Amber is confronted with a lot of time pressure at work, she chooses to cope by working faster and harder. This is an example of:
A. emotion-focused behavior coping.
B. problem-focused behavior coping.
C. fear-focused cognitive coping.
D. anxiety-focused cognitive coping.
E. stress-focused behavior coping.
Working faster and harder to cope with a lot of time pressure at work is clearly an example of behavior coping. Since Amber is taking the problem head on, this scenario is an example of problem-focused behavior coping.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 77. (p. 151) Lately, Cory has been facing significant increase in time pressure at work. He has been strategizing about different ways of accomplishing the work more effectively. This is an example of:
A. fear-focused behavior coping.
B. stress-focused behavior coping.
C. emotion-focused cognitive coping.
D. problem-focused cognitive coping.
E. anxiety-focused cognitive coping.
Problem-focused coping refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself. Cognitive coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation. For example, the person who is confronted with an increase in time pressure might cope by thinking about different ways of accomplishing the work more efficiently.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 78. (p. 151) Working harder or seeking assistance are examples of:
A. conflict-focused behavior coping.
B. problem-focused behavior coping.
C. anxiety-focused cognitive coping.
D. stress-focused cognitive coping.
E. fear-focused cognitive coping.
Problem-focused coping refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself. Behavioral coping involves the set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 79. (p. 151) Self-motivation and changing priorities are examples of:
A. fear-focused behavior coping.
B. conflict-focused behavior coping.
C. emotion-focused cognitive coping.
D. problem-focused cognitive coping.
E. stress-focused behavior coping.
Problem-focused coping refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself. Cognitive coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 80. (p. 151) All of these are examples of emotion-focused coping except:
A. venting anger.
B. self-motivation.
C. engaging in alternative activities.
D. seeking support.
E. reappraising.
Venting anger, engaging in alternative activities, seeking support, and reappraising are examples of emotion- focused coping. Self motivation is an example of emotion- cognitive focused coping.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 81. (p. 151) Working at Garden Tools, Inc. David is confronted with daily hassles lately which have been quite frustrating for him. If David reappraises the situation, looking for positive in this negative situation and comes to the conclusion that the hassles are not that bad after all, it is an example of:
A. stress-focused behavior coping.
B. problem-focused behavior coping.
C. emotion-focused cognitive coping.
D. fear-focused cognitive coping.
E. stress-focused cognitive coping.
Emotion-focused coping refers to the various ways in which people manage their own emotional reactions to stressful demands. Cognitive coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 82. (p. 151) Seeking support and venting anger are examples of:
A. emotion-focused behavior coping.
B. anxiety-focused behavior coping.
C. stress-focused cognitive coping.
D. fear-focused cognitive coping.
E. problem-focused cognitive coping.
Emotion-focused coping refers to the various ways in which people manage their own emotional reactions to stressful demands. Behavioral coping involves the set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 83. (p. 151) Looking for the positive in the negative; and avoiding, distancing, and ignoring are examples of:
A. stress-focused behavior coping.
B. problem-focused behavior coping.
C. emotion-focused cognitive coping.
D. anxiety-focused cognitive coping.
E. fear-focused behavior coping.
Emotion-focused coping refers to the various ways in which people manage their own emotional reactions to stressful demands. Cognitive coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 84. (p. 153) The emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion that results from having to cope with stressful demands on an ongoing basis is called:
A. burnout.
B. type A behavior pattern.
C. type B behavior pattern.
D. stressor.
E. benign job demands.
Burnout is defined as the emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion that results from having to cope with stressful demands on an ongoing basis. There are many familiar examples of people who have experienced burnout, and the majority of them illustrate how burnout can lead to a decision to quit a job or even change careers.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: The Experience Of Strain 85. (p. 153) Physiological strains that result from stressors occur in all of these systems of the human body except:
A. immune system.
B. cardiovascular system.
C. musculoskeletal system.
D. gastrointestinal system.
E. nervous system.
Physiological strains that result from stressors occur in at least four systems of the human body including immune system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, and gastrointestinal system.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: The Experience Of Strain 86. (p. 153) Due to time pressure and heavy workload, John has developed high blood pressure and started to show forgetfulness at work and home. These are examples of:
A. physiological and behavioral strains.
B. psychological and behavioral strains.
C. physiological and psychological strains.
D. internal and external strains.
E. psychological and cognitive strains.
Physiological strains that result from stressors occur in at least four systems of the human body. Psychological strains that result from stressors include depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, reduced self-confidence, irritability, inability to think clearly, forgetfulness, lack of creativity, memory loss, and a loss of sense of humor.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: The Experience Of Strain 87. (p. 153) Depression, anxiety, and anger reflect which of these?
A. Physiological strain
B. Psychological strain
C. Behavioral strain
D. Physical strain
E. Cognitive strain
Psychological strains that result from stressors include depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, reduced self-confidence, irritability, inability to think clearly, forgetfulness, lack of creativity, memory loss, and a loss of sense of humor.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: The Experience Of Strain 88. (p. 155) Alcohol and drug abuse are examples of which of these?
A. Physiological strain
B. Psychological strain
C. Behavioral strain
D. Physical strain
E. Cognitive strain
Behavioral strains are unhealthy behaviors such as grinding one's teeth at night, being overly critical and bossy, excessive smoking, compulsive gum chewing, overuse of alcohol, and compulsive eating.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: The Experience Of Strain 89. (p. 155) Jessica has always been an impatient, hard-driving, competitive, controlling, and aggressive in everything she does. Jessica can be described as a:
A. neurotic personality.
B. type A individual.
C. psychotic personality.
D. type B individual.
E. type C individual.
"Type A" people have a strong sense of time urgency and tend to be impatient, hard-driving, competitive, controlling, aggressive, and even hostile.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-04 How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
Topic: Accounting For Individuals In The Stress Process 90. (p. 155) All of these are true about Type A behavior pattern except:
A. it may have a direct influence on the level of stressors that a person confronts.
B. it influences the stress process.
C. it has been directly linked to the coronary heart disease.
D. it promotes physiological but not psychological and behavioral strains.
E. People with this behavior pattern have a strong sense of time urgency.
Type A Behavior Pattern may have a direct influence on the level of stressors that a person confronts, influences the stress process, directly linked to the coronary heart disease, and, it promotes physiological, psychological and behavioral strains also.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-04 How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
Topic: Accounting For Individuals In The Stress Process 91. (p. 155) Which of the following statements about Type A individuals is false?
A. They tend to be hard-driving.
B. They have a strong desire to achieve.
C. They receive "rewards" in the form of increases in the amount of work required.
D. They tend to be aggressive and competitive.
E. They are less prone to interpersonal conflict.
Type A individuals tend to be hard driving, have a strong desire to achieve, receive "rewards" in the form of increase in the amount of work required, tend to be aggressive and competitive and are more prone to interpersonal conflict.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-04 How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
Topic: Accounting For Individuals In The Stress Process 92. (p. 155-157) There are two major types of social support:
A. physiological and behavioral.
B. instrumental and emotional.
C. physiological and psychological.
D. internal and external.
E. behavioral and cognitive.
Social support refers to the help that people receive when they are confronted with stressful demands, and there are at least two major types. One type of social support is called instrumental support, which refers to the help people receive that can be used to address the stressful demand directly. A second type of social support is called emotional support. This type of support refers to the help people receive in addressing the emotional distress that accompanies stressful demands.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-04 How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
Topic: Accounting For Individuals In The Stress Process 93. (p. 155-157) Which of these refers to the help people receive when that can be used to address the stressful demand directly?
A. Instrumental support
B. Physiological support
C. Emotional support
D. Psychological support
E. Internal support
One type of social support is called instrumental support, which refers to the help people receive that can be used to address the stressful demand directly. For example, if a person is overloaded with work, a coworker could provide instrumental support by taking over some of the work or offering suggestions about how to do the work more efficiently.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-04 How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
Topic: Accounting For Individuals In The Stress Process 94. (p. 155-157) Jack recently received a job to do with a heavy workload and a short turnaround deadline. Sam, Jack's co-worker, observed this stressful situation and took half the workload so the department could meet the deadline. The support received by Jack can be best described as which of these?
A. Marginal support
B. Physiological support
C. Emotional support
D. Psychological support
E. Instrumental support
One type of social support is called instrumental support, which refers to the help people receive that can be used to address the stressful demand directly. For example, if a person is overloaded with work, a coworker could provide instrumental support by taking over some of the work or offering suggestions about how to do the work more efficiently.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-04 How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
Topic: Accounting For Individuals In The Stress Process 95. (p. 157) _____ support refers to the help people receive in addressing the emotional distress that accompanies stressful demands.
A. Instrumental
B. Emotional
C. Psychological
D. Physiological
E. Cognitive
Emotional support refers to the help people receive in addressing the emotional distress that accompanies stressful demands. As an example, the supervisor of the individual who is overloaded with work might provide emotional support by showing interest in the employee's situation and appearing to be understanding and empathetic.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 96. (p. 161) Hindrance stressors have _____ effect on job performance.
A. no
B. a strong negative
C. a strong positive
D. a moderately negative
E. a moderately positive
Strains have a moderate negative effect on job performance. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to have lower levels of Task Performance. Not much is known about the impact of strains on Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Behavior. Refer Figure 5-4 on page 160.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-05 How does stress affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important Is Stress? 97. (p. 161) Research reveals that strains have _____ effect on organizational commitment.
A. no
B. a strong negative
C. a strong positive
D. a moderately negative
E. a moderately positive
Strains have a strong negative effect on organizational commitment. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to feel lower levels of Affective Commitment and lower levels of Normative Commitment. Effects on Continuance Commitment are weaker.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-05 How does stress affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important Is Stress? 98. (p. 161) Which of the following statements about the effects of strains on performance and commitment is true?
A. Strains have a strong negative effect on job performance.
B. Strains have a moderate negative effect on organizational commitment.
C. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to have moderate levels of task performance.
D. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to feel strong levels of affective commitment.
E. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to feel lower levels of normative commitment.
Strains have a moderate negative effect on Job Performance. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to have lower levels of Task Performance. Strains have a strong negative effect on Organizational Commitment. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to feel lower levels of Affective Commitment and lower levels of Normative Commitment. Effects on Continuance Commitment are weaker.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-05 How does stress affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important Is Stress? 99. (p. 160-161) People who experience higher levels of challenge stressors tend to have higher levels of:
A. task performance.
B. deviant performance.
C. withdrawal behavior.
D. affective commitment.
E. conformist behavior.
Strains have a strong negative effect on organizational commitment. People who experience higher levels of strain tend to feel lower levels of affective commitment and lower levels of normative commitment. Effects on continuance commitment are weaker.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-05 How does stress affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important Is Stress? 100. (p. 160-161) Two people sharing the responsibilities of a single job, as if the two people were a single performing unit is known as:
A. job sharing.
B. telecommuting.
C. compressed working hours.
D. contracting.
E. term-time working.
Job sharing to reduce role overload and foster work - life balance.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Reducing Stressors 101. (p. 162) _____ can be used to reduce role overload and foster work-life balance.
A. Job sharing
B. Work challenge stressors
C. Non-work challenge stressors
D. Negative life events
E. Time pressure
Job sharing does not mean splitting one job into two but rather indicates that two people share the responsibilities of a single job, as if the two people were a single performing unit.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Reducing Stressors 102. (p. 162) Organizations can provide _____ that help employees cope with stressful demands.
A. primary appraisal
B. role overloads
C. training interventions
D. hindrance stressors
E. role ambiguity
Organizations provide resources to employees through training interventions aimed at increasing job-related competencies and skills. Training that increases employee competencies and skills is also beneficial to the extent that it promotes a sense that the demands are more controllable.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Providing Resources 103. (p. 164) All of these are examples of supportive practices used by organizations that help employees manage and balance the demands that exists for them in their jobs except:
A. compressed workweek.
B. full-time telecommuting.
C. on-site child care.
D. primary performance appraisal.
E. flextime.
Compressed workweek, full time telecommuting, on-site child care and flextime are examples of supportive practices used by organizations that help employees manage and balance the demands that exists for them in their job.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Providing Resources 104. (p. 164) As an alternative to managing stressors, many organizations use _____ that reduce strains.
A. compressed workweek
B. relaxation techniques
C. on-site child care
D. primary performance appraisal
E. flextime
Relaxation techniques teach people how to counteract the effects of stressors by engaging in activities that slow the heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Reducing Strains 105. (p. 165) Which of these techniques attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner?
A. Compressed workweek
B. Relaxation
C. On-site child care
D. Cognitive-behavioral
E. Flextime
Techniques attempt to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner. To understand what these techniques involve, think of someone you know who not only exaggerates the level and importance of stressful demands but also predicts doom and disaster after quickly concluding that the demands simply cannot be met.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Reducing Strains Scenario: Stress at ABC Federal
Sara and Laura work at ABC Federal, a medium-sized bank with 240 branches in 8 states. Sara works as a teller and Laura works as one of five regional supervisors of all tellers. Sara recently received instructions from her supervisor that all tellers will be evaluated on number of people she assists at her window per day. Serving more customers means higher performance effectiveness. However, Sara is also expected to follow the bank's number one goal of customer satisfaction. Laura on the other hand is facing a difficult situation. Two of the regional supervisors left the bank for other opportunities resulting in significant increase in work responsibility and time pressure for Laura and the remaining two supervisors. The bank hired Jason in the management trainee position to take over one of the supervisor's position. Two days into his new job, he was asked to take over the territory and learn on the job. It is becoming quite difficult for Jason as he also takes care of his elderly parents, and his wife is expecting twins. 106. (p. 145) Sara is facing which of these stressors?
A. Non-work challenge
B. Work hindrance
C. Non-work hindrance
D. Work challenge
E. Work complexity
Sarah is facing role conflict as a stressor, which is a work hindrance stressor.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Hindrance Stressors 107. (p. 145) Sara can be described as facing which of these?
A. Role overload
B. Role conflict
C. Role ambiguity
D. Work-family conflicts
E. Daily hassles
Role conflict refers to conflicting expectations that other people may have of us.
Sara is facing a conflict between the company's number one goal customer satisfaction and the effectiveness i.e. the number of customers attended to. Hence Sarah is facing role conflict.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Hindrance Stressors 108. (p. 145) Jason can be described as facing which of these?
A. Role overload
B. Role conflict
C. Role ambiguity
D. Negative life events
E. Daily hassles
Role ambiguity refers to a lack of information about what needs to be done in a role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role. Jason has been asked to take over the territory and learn on the job. Since Jason is new to the job it is really hard for him to take care of the entire territory. Hence is facing role ambiguity.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Hindrance Stressors 109. (p. 145) Laura is facing which of these stressors?
A. Non-work challenge
B. Wok hindrance
C. Non-work hindrance
D. Work challenge
E. Performance hindrance
One type of work-related challenge stressor is time pressure—a strong sense that the amount of time you have to do a task is just not quite enough. Since two supervisors quit the job, the pressure on Laura increases due to shortage of manpower. Hence she is facing work challenge stressor.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Hindrance Stressors

True / False Questions 110. (p. 149) Jason is facing the non-work challenge stressor; family time demands.
TRUE
Family time demands reflect the time that a person commits to participate in an array of family activities and responsibilities. Since Jason has to take care of his elderly parents, he has to commit time looking after them. This acts a non work challenge stressor.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Nonwork Challenge Stressors

Multiple Choice Questions Scenario: Time Pressures at United Papers
Abbey, Bianca, and Cassandra were discussing the recent difficult times they were facing at United Papers, a newspaper and magazine publishing company. Abbey indicated that as she is facing time pressures in her department. She also noted that she is coping by working harder to meet the workload and the ever tightening deadlines. Bianca immediately remarked that she is facing the similar situation but instead of working harder and longer hours, she is constantly thinking about how to best meet her work demands more efficiently. Cassandra simply got angry and said "why should we have to work harder or to strategize? It is the company's responsibility to get enough people to work different jobs". Abbey suggested to Cassandra that instead of venting anger she should find a way to get the work done. 111. (p. 146) Abbey and Bianca are facing which type of stressor at United Papers?
A. Non-work challenge
B. Emotion-focused behavior
C. Non-work hindrance
D. Work challenge
E. Emotion-focused cognitive
One type of work-related challenge stressor is time pressure—a strong sense that the amount of time you have to do a task is just not quite enough. Although most people appraise situations with high time pressure as rather stressful, they also tend to appraise these situations as more challenging than hindering. Abbey and Bianca indicate that they are facing time pressures in their department.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Work Challenge Stressors 112. (p. 150-151) Which of these coping strategies is utilized by Abbey?
A. Emotion-focused behavior coping
B. Problem-focused behavior coping
C. Emotion-focused cognitive coping
D. Problem-focused cognitive coping
E. Cognitive coping.
Problem-focused coping refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself. Behavioral coping involves the set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 113. (p. 151) Which of these coping strategies is utilized by Bianca?
A. Emotion-focused behavior coping
B. Problem-focused behavior coping
C. Emotion-focused cognitive coping
D. Problem-focused cognitive coping
E. Behavior coping
Problem-focused coping refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself. Cognitive coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 114. (p. 150-151) Cassandra appears to be using which of these coping strategies?
A. Emotion-focused behavior coping
B. Problem-focused behavior coping
C. Emotion-focused cognitive coping
D. Problem-focused cognitive coping
E. Cognitive coping
Emotion-focused coping refers to the various ways in which people manage their own emotional reactions to stressful demands. Behavioral coping involves the set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors?

Essay Questions 115. (p. 144) Define stress. What are the symptoms often associated with stress? Provide an example of a stressful situation relating to you and explain how it may have affected your job performance.
Stress is defined as a psychological response to demands for which there is something at stake, and where coping with those demands would tax or exceed a person's capacity or resources. Stress depends on both the nature of the demand and the person who confronts it. A stressed-out feeling may result in headaches, upset stomach, backaches, and sleeping difficulties. Student responses to the last part of the question will vary.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-01 What is stress; and how is it different than stressors and strains?
Topic: Stress 116. (p. 144-149) Explain the difference between hindrance stressors and challenge stressors. What are the four types of stressors? Provide an example of a stressor for each type.
Hindrance stressors are stressful demands that are perceived as hindering progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment. These stressors tend to trigger negative emotions. Challenge stressors are stressful demands that are perceived as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement. Challenge stressors can be exhausting; they often trigger positive emotions such as pride and enthusiasm. The four types of stressors are work hindrance stressors, work challenge stressors, non-work hindrance stressors, and non-work challenge stressors. Several examples are provided under each of the four types. Role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, and daily hassles are examples of work hindrance stressors. Time pressure, work complexity, and work responsibility are examples of work challenge stressors. Non-work hindrance stressors include work-family conflict and negative life events. Non-work challenge stressors are family time demands, personal development, and positive life events.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 117. (p. 148-149) Compare and contrast the stresses related with a divorce and the holiday season. Why is the stress score of a divorce so much higher than that of holidays?
Refer Table 5-2 on page 149 in the text. Student responses will vary. Divorce would be considered a negative life event and result in negative emotions. Research has shown that a number of life events are perceived as quite stressful, particularly when they result in significant changes to a person's life. The holiday season would be considered family time demands which reflect the time that a person commits to participate in an array of family activities and responsibilities. This season is generally associated with positive, rather than negative, emotions.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Learning Objective: 05-02 What are the four main types of stressors?
Topic: Types Of Stressors 118. (p. 150-152) Do people cope with stressors differently? Explain the four broad categories of coping. How do you tend to deal with situations?
Yes, people deal with situations in various ways. Coping involves different activities which can be grouped into four broad categories based on two dimensions. The first dimension refers to the method of coping and the second dimension refers to the focus of coping. Behavioral coping involves the set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation. Cognitive coping refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation. Problem-focused coping refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself. Emotion-focused coping refers to the various ways in which people manage their own emotional reactions to stressful demands. Refer Table 5-3 on page 151 in the text. Student responses will vary in reference to the last question.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 05-03 How do individuals cope with stress?
Topic: How Do People Cope With Stressors? 119. (p. 155) Describe Type A Behavior Patterns. Do you feel you are a Type A individual? Explain.
Type A people have a strong sense of time urgency and tend to be impatient, hard-driving, competitive, controlling, aggressive, and even hostile. They also have a strong desire to achieve. Type A people tend to be prone to interpersonal conflict because they are aggressive and competitive. Type A individuals are simply more likely to appraise demands as being stressful rather than being benign. Student's answers will vary for last response.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-04 How does the Type A Behavior Pattern influence the stress process?
Topic: Accounting For Individuals In The Stress Process 120. (p. 158-160) Is stress important? Why? Provide some examples to justify you answer.
Refer Figure 5-5 on page 160 in the text. Strains have a moderately effect on job performance. Illnesses, exhaustion, and drunkenness would detract from employee effectiveness in almost any job context. Strains also have a strong negative effect on organizational commitment. People who work at jobs that they know are causing them to feel constantly sick and exhausted will likely be dissatisfied with their jobs and feel less desire to stay with the organization and more desire to consider alternatives. However, not all stress has a negative impact. Certain types of stressors have positive relationships with performance and commitment. Challenge stressors often result in positive emotions and the net benefits of those emotions sometimes outweigh the costs of the added strain.

AACSB Standard: Business Knowledge and Analytic Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-05 How does stress affect job performance and organizational commitment?
Topic: How Important Is Stress? 121. (p. 161) What is a stress audit? Explain how to reduce stressors and strains.
A stress audit is an assessment of the level and sources of stress in the workplace. This is the first step in managing stress. If a stress audit reveals that stress may be a problem, then alternative courses of action must be taken into consideration. Managing or reducing stressors is one general course of action. One way to reduce stressors is the organization could try to eliminate or significantly reduce stressful demands. Job sharing is an example of this approach. This is to reduce role overload and foster work-life balance. As an alternative to managing stressors, many organizations use practices that reduce strains. One type of strain-reducing practice involves relaxation techniques, such as progressive muscle relaxation, meditation and miscellaneous calming activities. Another practice involves cognitive-behavioral techniques. These techniques tend to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner. A third practice involves health and wellness programs. These are comprehensive efforts that include health screening and health-related courses and information.

AACSB Standard: Reflective Thinking Skills
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Learning Objective: 05-06 What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?
Topic: Assessment