Psychology Final Review
Psychology Final Review
Part 1
What is Psychology?
The study of the mind/psyche/mental processes and behaviour
The symbol is the butterfly (human mortal in Greek myths named Psyche)
Psychology is an objective study
Three Fundamental Laws of Science
1. Define our variables
2. Observe our variables
3. Measure/quantify our variables
B.F Skinner’s theory that we can infer behaviour and measure it
Experimental Psychology
Late 1800’s in Germany
Basic principles of experimentation used to explain psychological phenomena
Edward Titchener’s structuralism- basic structures of the mind
Introspection: participant self reflects on the contents of their consciousness- highly unreliable because of its subjective qualities
Functionalism: developed by William James, concerned with functions, not whether something is physical or not- subjective
Clinical Psychology
Counselling and psychotherapy
Sigmund Freud- 1940s USA
Applied: applying knowledge of basic fundamental (experimental) psychology
Schools: cognitive, biological (neuroscience), behavioural, social, psychoanalytical, phenomenological
Schools of Psychology
Cognitive
Cognitive: uses measures like performance and decision-time to infer hypothetical brain functions
Cognitive Neuroscience: biological methods to study cognitive activity
1800s-1900s
Study of higher mental functions such as consciousness, memory, attention, decision making, and language (lexical decision task)
Infers hypothetical mental states of information with processing based on current response behaviour patterns/performance
Cannot directly observe these things- can be inferred through experiments
Semantic Decision Task: once a word is already available in memory we react quicker to it, inferring the meaning of it
Biological
Brain, neuropsychology
Measures actual mental events by monitoring brain activity
Manipulating to see effect of it on brain activity, which responds to stimuli, and determines the effect on psychology
Behavioural
Cognitive psychology
Part 1
What is Psychology?
The study of the mind/psyche/mental processes and behaviour
The symbol is the butterfly (human mortal in Greek myths named Psyche)
Psychology is an objective study
Three Fundamental Laws of Science
1. Define our variables
2. Observe our variables
3. Measure/quantify our variables
B.F Skinner’s theory that we can infer behaviour and measure it
Experimental Psychology
Late 1800’s in Germany
Basic principles of experimentation used to explain psychological phenomena
Edward Titchener’s structuralism- basic structures of the mind
Introspection: participant self reflects on the contents of their consciousness- highly unreliable because of its subjective qualities
Functionalism: developed by William James, concerned with functions, not whether something is physical or not- subjective
Clinical Psychology
Counselling and psychotherapy
Sigmund Freud- 1940s USA
Applied: applying knowledge of basic fundamental (experimental) psychology
Schools: cognitive, biological (neuroscience), behavioural, social, psychoanalytical, phenomenological
Schools of Psychology
Cognitive
Cognitive: uses measures like performance and decision-time to infer hypothetical brain functions
Cognitive Neuroscience: biological methods to study cognitive activity
1800s-1900s
Study of higher mental functions such as consciousness, memory, attention, decision making, and language (lexical decision task)
Infers hypothetical mental states of information with processing based on current response behaviour patterns/performance
Cannot directly observe these things- can be inferred through experiments
Semantic Decision Task: once a word is already available in memory we react quicker to it, inferring the meaning of it
Biological
Brain, neuropsychology
Measures actual mental events by monitoring brain activity
Manipulating to see effect of it on brain activity, which responds to stimuli, and determines the effect on psychology
Behavioural
Cognitive psychology