Psychology is the scientific study of people

Psychology is the scientific study of people, the mind and behavior. It is both a thriving academic discipline and a vital professional practice. The word "psychology" comes from the Greek word psyche meaning "breath, spirit, soul", and the Greek word “logia” meaning the study of something.

1.Clinical psychologists aim to reduce psychological distress and enhance and promote psychological well-being.

They work with people with mental or physical health problems which might include: anxiety and depression serious and enduring mental illness adjustment to physical illness neurological disorders addictive behaviours childhood behaviour disorders personal and family relationships.
They often work with people throughout their lives and with people who have learning disabilities.
2. Counseling Psychologist is a specialized type of Psychologist. Also known as: Clinical Counseling Psychologist, Counselling Psychologist.

3.School psychologists are uniquely qualified members of school teams that support students' ability to learn and teachers' ability to teach. They apply expertise in mental health, learning, and behavior, to help children and youth succeed academically, socially, behaviorally, and emotionally.

4.Educational psychologist is concerned with helping children or young people who are experiencing problems within an educational setting with the aim of enhancing their learning.
Challenges may include social or emotional problems or learning difficulties.

5. Developmental psychologists study the human growth and development that occurs throughout the entire lifespan. This includes not only physical development, but also cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotional growth.
Some of the tasks that a developmental psychologist might do include:
Evaluating children to determine if they have a developmental disability.
Investigating how language skills are acquired.
Studying how moral reasoning develops in children.
Exploring ways to help elderly individuals remain independent.
6.Personality psychologists observe social situations and how they are influenced by individual emotion and conduct. They explain behavior in areas such as aggression, persuasion, attraction, conformity and group interaction. Many specialize in a niche such as leadership, attitude, group behavior and conflict resolution.
7. Social psychologists study how social influence, social perception and social interaction influence individual and group behavior.
8. Environmental psychologists study the relationship between human behavior and the environment, from both directions - how the environment affects behavior, and how people's behaviors and attitudes affect the environment.
9. Experimental psychologists are research-oriented professionals that study human behavior and thought processes. Their research is often concentrated in such areas as perception, motivation, substance abuse, learning and memory.
10. Industrial organizational psychology is an area of psychology that focuses on studying people in their working environment. The role can also involve focusing on workplace dynamics and organizational structures. Through the use of industrial organizational psychologists, work places can improve the success of their organization.
11. Organizational psychologists recognise the importance of relationships between individuals, organisations, and society. They deal with issues and problems involving people at work by serving as advisors in a variety of organisations.
12. Human factors psychologist studies human behaviors by using specially-designed instruments, completing specialized tasks, and working in a particular work environment. More specifically, human factors psychologists use a combo of psychological concepts/theories/methods and engineering techniques to create products and services that will benefit human (people).
13. Consumer psychologist’s primary duty is to “get inside of the consumer’s mind.” In other words, understand how consumers think, and what influences them when purchasing products and services. Other duties include: researching and studying consumer behaviors to determine what consumers are likely purchase (based on past purchases).
14. Health psychologists explore factors that affect an individual's well-being, including biological, psychological and social impacts. Health psychologists study the various reactions of individuals when diagnosed with a particular disease, as well as factors that affect their treatment choices. They assist patients through chronic disease care, such as diabetes or substance abuse, and encourage a healthy lifestyle. Health psychologists perform assessments and conduct interviews, as well as develop and implement specialized patient care programs in pain management, oncology and women's health.
15. Sports psychologists work with athletes struggling to overcome psychological barriers that hinder athletic performance. This is a great career for sports enthusiasts interested in helping athletes reach their full potential.
16. Forensic psychologists are often involved in both criminal and civil matter and assesses the mindset of an individual who has committed a crime. They often work independently and are called upon to testify in court to provide evidence. Contribution of ancient people to psychology:
1. Aristotle contributed several basic ideas relating to learning and behavior that reappear many centuries later to influence the development of Psychology. These include Aristotle's conception of the life-force, "psyche," or "soul" that distinguishes the animate from the inanimate, his elucidation of the four "causes," and his ideas about the factors involved in memory.

The Three Souls, The Four Causes, On Memory

Structuralism in psychology refers to a theory of consciousness developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his mentee Edward B. Titchener, who brought Wundt's idea to the United States.

Functional psychology or functionalism refers to a psychologicalphilosophy that considers mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the person's environment. Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behavior, as opposed to internal events like thinking and emotion.
Gestalt psychology or gestaltismis a theory of mind of the Berlin School. Gestalt psychology tries to understand the laws of our ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world.
Psychoanalysis is a set of psychological and psychotherapeutic theories and associated techniques, created by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and stemming partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others.