Psychology Midterm Study Guide

Psychology Study Guide Chapter 1: Different types of psychologists (clinical, forensic, social, health, industrial etc) • Clinical: aim to reduce psychological distress. Anxiety, depression, relationship problems, addictions and relationships. • Forensic: applying theory to criminal investigations, understanding psychological problems associated with criminal behavior, and the treatment of criminals. • Social: The study of relations between people and groups. Thoughts, feelings and behaviors altered by others. typically explain human behavior as a result of the interaction of mental states and immediate social situations • Health: relatively new. Principles are used to help changes about people’s attitudes about health and illness. Quitting smoking, safe sex. Prevent illness. • Industrial: evaluating employee behavior for the good of the company. It is often referred to as organizational psychology because of its emphasis on analyzing individuals who work for various organizations. Case history • A compilation of the life history of an individual based on interviews and other sources of information. Interviews • An in-depth question-and-answer session in which an individual’s life or problems are probed. Questionnaire • A highly structured paper and pencil interview. IQ testing results • 115 to 129 – Above average; bright • 130 to 144 – Moderately gifted • 145 to 159 – Highly gifted • 160 to 179 – Exceptionally gifted • 180 and up – Profoundly gifted Normal Bell Curve Correlation Studies • Correlational studies are used to look for relationships between variables. There are three possible results of a correlational study: a positive correlation, a negative correlation, and no correlation. The correlation coefficient is a measure of correlation strength and can range from –1.00 to +1.00. Perspectives in Psychology and pioneers (Freud) • Psychoanalytic: Sigmund Freud • Behaviorism: Pavlov, William McDougall, Thorndike, Watson, Carl Hull, B.F. Skinner, Tolman •