Psychology Study Guide

DEFINE | ANSWER | psychology | scientific investigation of physical and mental behavior | experimental method | used to text predictions derived from theory | basic science | accumulation of knowledge for knowledge sake (describe, predict, and explain behavior) | applied science | application of knowledge to solve practical problems (modify behaviour). | Empiricism | knowledge based on observation | Scientific Method | rules for observation, experimentation, and measurement | Skepticism | reject explanations that lack proof | Authority | explanations by experts that lack proof | Intuition | explanations based on personal experience | Pseudoscience | non-scientific explanations that utilize scientific language | Popular opinion | Explanations commonly accepted | Past Approaches to Psychology | Structuralism & Functionalism.Wundt; Titchener; Hall; James.Psychoanalysis.Freud.Behaviourism.Watson; Pavlov; Skinner.Humanism.Rogers; Maslow. | Current Approaches to Psychology | Cognitive Revolution.Piaget; Chomsky.Evolutionary Psychology.Daly & Wilson; Tooby & Cosmides; Buss. | Wilhelm Wundt (1832 – 1920) | First to use scientific method to study conscious thoughtConscious awareness of own, use scientific methodWants to break consciousness down into components | Evolutionary Psychology | Investigate function of mental processes | Anatomy of a Research Article | Abstract: Summary of hypotheses, methods, and results.Introduction: Outlines research question; reviews past research and theory; introduces formal hypotheses.Methods: Describes the participants, procedure and materials used.Results: Describes what was found; tables & graphs; statistics.DiscussionAre results consistent or inconsistent with hypotheses?Compare with past research and suggest practical applications.References | Research methods | procedures for obtaining data, which can then be used to answer research questions. | Goals of Psychological Science | Description: