Purpose Of America's Open Door Policy

The Open Door Policy
In 1898, The United States of America declared its “Open Door” policy. Under the Presidential of William McKinley, the U.S Secretary of State John Milton Hay issued and dispatched a statement in a form of circular diplomatic notes to the imperial powers having an interest in China namely, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, France, Russia, France and including Japan, the East Asia Superpower following their Victory in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894 - 95. These statement became known as the first Open Door note. The note contained three main points (1) within its sphere of interest or leasehold in China, a power would agree not to interfere with any treaty ports or the vested interest of other powers; (2) within its sphere
Since the beginning of the Chinese Republic, both Japan and Russia had jeopardized the sovereignty of China and its territorial cohesion. Therefore, the US policy concentrated on keeping China fighting in the war and making it an effective enough military ally, that with US support but without the direct use of the US army, it could defend itself against the Imperial power, as well as resisting any future threats from Japan and Russia. The main aim of the United States was to make China strong enough to support, though not challenge, the US interests in China. These included ending the French and Britain imperialism in China, which later reduced the influence of these powers in
On the other hand, the railways construction at Manchuria near the Chinese capital by Russia became a threat to the western competitors of the monopolistic in China and British react by the construction of northern railway extension that ruin Russia monopoly of trade in China. Additionally, the United States of America also felt threatened by Russian activities in Manchuria and this can be seen in news from Hippisley, a relief for the chief secretary in Peking stated, ‘the activity of the Russians in Manchuria is simply wonderful … the Russification of Peking and of North China will proceed as rapidly as has that of Manchuria. This precisely the districts which are great consumers of American textile fabrics’ The American industrialist wanted to retain access to all China on a permanent basis and with main port in Manchuria under Russian control, American also fear that Russia could easily impose tariffs and railways charges that would discriminate against American goods as Northern China and Manchuria absorbed a high percentage of American exports to China as Hippisley stated above.