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push vs pull
Push and Pull Production Systems

You say yes.
I say no.
You say stop. and I say go, go, go!
– The Beatles

© Wallace J. Hopp, Mark L. Spearman, 1996, 2000

1

http://factory-physics.com

The Key Difference Between Push and Pull
Push Systems: schedule work

Pull Systems: authorize work

releases based on demand.
• inherently due-date driven
• control release rate, observe WIP level © Wallace J. Hopp, Mark L. Spearman, 1996, 2000

releases based on system status.
• inherently rate driven
• control WIP level, observe throughput http://factory-physics.com

2

1

Push vs. Pull Mechanics
PUSH

PULL

(Exogenous)
Schedule

(Endogenous)
Status

Production Process

Job

Job

Push systems are inherently make-to-order. © Wallace J. Hopp, Mark L. Spearman, 1996, 2000

Production Process

Pull systems are inherently make-to-stock. 3

http://factory-physics.com

Pulling with Kanban
Outbound
stockpoint

Production cards Completed parts with cards enter outbound stockpoint.

When stock is removed, place production card in hold box.

© Wallace J. Hopp, Mark L. Spearman, 1996, 2000

http://factory-physics.com

Outbound stockpoint Production card authorizes start of work.

4

2

Push and Pull Line Schematics
Pure Push (MRP)

Stock
Point

Stock
Point

...

Pure Pull (Kanban)

Stock
Point

Stock
Point

...
…

Stock
Point

CONWIP

Authorization Signals
© Wallace J. Hopp, Mark L. Spearman, 1996, 2000

Stock
Point

...

Full Containers

http://factory-physics.com

5

Push/Pull Interface
Eliminate: entire portion of cycle time by building to stock.
Requirements:
• Level demand.
• Relatively few distinct parts.
• Relatively constant product mix.

Implementation:
• kanban
• late customization (postponement)

© Wallace J. Hopp, Mark L. Spearman, 1996, 2000

http://factory-physics.com

6

3

Example - Custom Taco Production Line
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