qualitative test for cations 2
QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR SOME CATIONS II
CHEMISTRY 11.1
OCTOBER 5 2013
QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR SOME CATIONS II
I. Introduction
Qualitative analysis schemes are often based on selective precipitation of different cations. By carefully selecting reagents and conditions for reactions, groups of ions can be separated on the basis of their reactivity and the solubility of their salts. This enables the experimenter to use simple techniques with standard laboratory equipment, as well as to learn some descriptive chemistry. Cations are Alkali and Alkaline earth metals group, they are quite easily excited to higher energy states such that the energy supplied is sufficient. Alkali and Alkaline earth metals are very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature.
To investigate or verify the above concept an experiment was conducted with the following objectives: (1) perform flame and confirmatory tests on alkali and alkaline earth ion and ion (III) ion (2) identify the substances responsible for the positive results in the confirmatory tests and (3) point out suitable conditions necessary for the detection process and the reasons for such conditions.
II. Methodology
A. Materials and Apparatus
The chemical used in the experiment are as follows: HCl, sodium ions, ammonium carbonate, barium nitrate, acetic acid, potassium chromate, ammonium hydroxide and potassium oxalate. The apparatus used include spot plates/watch glass, nichrome wire, alcohol lamp, salt, water and stirring rod.
B. Procedure
We obtain a few crystals then each of the salts from the counter, and we place separately in the spot plate
III. Results
IV. Discussion
V. Summary and Conclusion
VI. References
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cation http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/alkali.html http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/alkaline.html
CHEMISTRY 11.1
OCTOBER 5 2013
QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR SOME CATIONS II
I. Introduction
Qualitative analysis schemes are often based on selective precipitation of different cations. By carefully selecting reagents and conditions for reactions, groups of ions can be separated on the basis of their reactivity and the solubility of their salts. This enables the experimenter to use simple techniques with standard laboratory equipment, as well as to learn some descriptive chemistry. Cations are Alkali and Alkaline earth metals group, they are quite easily excited to higher energy states such that the energy supplied is sufficient. Alkali and Alkaline earth metals are very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature.
To investigate or verify the above concept an experiment was conducted with the following objectives: (1) perform flame and confirmatory tests on alkali and alkaline earth ion and ion (III) ion (2) identify the substances responsible for the positive results in the confirmatory tests and (3) point out suitable conditions necessary for the detection process and the reasons for such conditions.
II. Methodology
A. Materials and Apparatus
The chemical used in the experiment are as follows: HCl, sodium ions, ammonium carbonate, barium nitrate, acetic acid, potassium chromate, ammonium hydroxide and potassium oxalate. The apparatus used include spot plates/watch glass, nichrome wire, alcohol lamp, salt, water and stirring rod.
B. Procedure
We obtain a few crystals then each of the salts from the counter, and we place separately in the spot plate
III. Results
IV. Discussion
V. Summary and Conclusion
VI. References
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cation http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/alkali.html http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/alkaline.html
References: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cation http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/alkali.html http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/alkaline.html