Quality Education in Secondary Schools in Tanzania

MZUMBE UNIVERSITY
(MU)

FACULT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FOUNDATIONS AND TEACHING MANAGEMENT
TITTLE: ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS THAT DETERMINE STANDERD AND QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
A CASE OF AIRPORT SECONDARY SCHOOL
IN MBEYA REGIONAL.

BY
MALAMBUGI, ANDREW .N.
Teaching practice observational report, Submitted to the department of Education Foundations and Teaching Management in partial Fulfill of the requirement for the Completion of first year of the Bachelor degree of Education in Economics and Mathematics (BED-EM) of Mzumbe University.

NOVEMBER 2012

DECLARATION
I, Andrew .N. Malambugi, here declare that this field report is my Own work that it has not been presented and submitted to any other University or higher learning Institution for a similar or any other purpose.

ANDREW .N. MALAMBUGI
Registration Number : 14400/T.11
Signature:.........................................
Date :...............................................

Supervisor

..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Supervisor name: Joyce Kiwara
Signature:...................................
Date:........................................

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COPY RIGHT
©Malambugi Andrew .N. ii ACKNOLEDGEMENT. It would not be better if I do not think God for being with me during my study and giving me good health. Special appreciation goes to the Mzumbe University Lectures. In particular, I appreciate the support I received from my supervisor Joyce Kiwara she played a great role in advising and Commenting my work from beginning to the end My special thanks goes to the Director of Airport Secondary School, Mbeya Mr Nikuswiga .I. Malambugi and the HeadMaster Mr. John Nchimbi who was my Internal Supervisor, and other staff for first accepting my presence in their Institution for almost three months.

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DEDICATION.
I here dedicate this work to my parents, Mr. N. I. Malambugi and Rhoda A.M. The two have always matters. My young mother Atupakisye Mwakamele, My brother Emanuel, my beloved sister Atupokile , My young brothers Ayubu, Elisha and Ambele, my young sisters Rehema, Mariamu, Upendo and Bertha, My lovely ant Bupe Malambugi. My friends, Elia Jimmy ,Alexander Lucas, Hamisi Kambona and others. They played a great role of encourage me much. Still I here by dedicate this work to my Supervisor Joyce kiwara from Mzumbe University.

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LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND ACRONUSMS
BED - Bachelor of Education
EM - Economics and Mathematics
HOD - Head of Department
FSS - Faculty of Social Science
NGO’S - Non Government Organizational
MU - Mzumbe University.
NECTA - National Examination Council of Tanzania

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ABSTRACT This study was all about assessment of factors that determine standard and quality of Education In Secondary School. The study Conducted at Airport Secondary School of Mbeya Regional and designed population or sample was student, staff members and parents. The main objective or targeted of this study was to find out the factors that determine the standard and quality of education in the level of Secondary School. Also the explain what leadership and administrative factors that affect the standard and quality of education as well as how far the education system produce quality output or product. A part from that the study of this problem was to determine whether the obtained or acquired education was productive or not.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration.............................................................................................................i
Copyright..............................................................................................................ii
Acknowledge.......................................................................................................iii
Dedication............................................................................................................iv
List of abbreviation...............................................................................................v
Abstract...............................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION 1: 1 Background of the problem…………………………………………….1 2:2 Purposes of the Study Objectives……………………………………….2 1:3 Significance of conduction research observation……………………….2 1:4 Limitation encountered……………………………………………………4
CHAPTER TWO : METHODOLOGY 2:1 Method (s) Used in the Observation………………………………………5 2:2 Participants Involve…………………………………………………………6 2:3 Description of area of study………………………………………………..8 2:4 Data Analysis……………………………………………………………...10
CHAPTER THREE: SUMMARY 3:1 Implications………………………………………………………………….11 3:2 Actual Information……………………………………………………………14 3:3 What should be done………………………………………………………..15 3:4 Recommendations…………………………………………………………..16 3:5 Ways to improve teaching practice activity…………………………………17
REFERENCE....................................................................................................18

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION.
This part one will cover Information or details on the background of the problem, Purpose of Undertake observation on a topic, significance of conducting teaching practice research observation and limitations encountered during collection of data.

1.1 BACK GROUND OF THE PROBLEM Education is the process of providing knowledge values and skills from one Individual to another. Education said b is life. Long process that widens and deepens one’s knowledge skills, experience, altitudes, thinking and development, to make him or her fit in their society he lives. Quality education is the kind of education given to a learner with relevant materials and qualified teachers with enough material and required for teaching (Nyerere). In order to quality education to be called so, the following factors should be there. Quality education must enable individual to realize his her potential. Must be goal oriented, must also liberate the learners and make him/her to be independency. Also quality must bring changes in the society, must be with good conducive environment, must environment must develop critical thinking and others like factors. Haki Elimu (2011) Suggest that government is the main agent in promoting and making the education to be standard by making policy and direction of the education. Trough various measures such as Improving Infrastructures etc. Broader Meaning of Education
In this broader sense, Education is a life process which starts with conception and education in its wider sense includes all the influence which act upon an Individual during his passage from the grade to the grave (O.P Dhiman, 2007)

1:2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This study Research basically had two objectives, The General or main objective and Specific objective
GENERAL assess and examine in details what are the Leadership and Administration factor that affect the standard and OBJECTIVE.
The main objectives of this study are to assess different factors that determining the standard of secondary education and quality of secondary education in Tanzania.

Specific Objective. The following are the specific objective of this research observation.
• To ASSESS AND EXAMINE IN DETAILES WHAT ARE THE Leadership and Administrative factors that affect the standard and quality of education in secondary school
• To examined different factors that effect quality and standard of secondary education a part from leadership and administrative factors.
• Another specific objective of this research observation is to assess how far the education system produces quality output.

1:3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study of assessment of factors which determine standard and quality of secondary education in Tanzania has a lot of importance’s the following are the significance expected in the research observation study.

• This study will expose to the society and make them aware of how good and well stable Administration school management Influence the quality and Standard of education. Also it will show how poor Administrative will cause poor education.
• A study also will be like a good foundation or starting point for these who wish to conduct a further research in similar topic.
• This study will add the knowledge to the entire society of Tanzania concerning quality education. It will show to the society in general main factors which determine standard and quality education in secondary school.
• It may also be very useful to the education planners. Because it will provides some factors to be consider in making education in secondary school to be quality and of high standard.
• Not only that but also this reporter will be useful to learners. They may be aware of what factors for quality education and how for the education they received it is of quality and standard.

1:4 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
During this Research observation study there were a lot of problem/obstacles or difficult processes of collecting data, such as time respondent responses and others. The following are the limitation encountered during the study
• Shorted/limited time
The time allocated for the whole process of data collection was not well enough. It was only about six weeks which they were not enough. Hence some of the data taken in it shall ones and not with a lot of details.
• Inadequate resource
The resource of conducting this research also were very limited. There were a lot of limited resource for completing this work such as financial problem. The researcher faced financial constraints as the allowance provide was not enough to fulfill all cost required for proper and exhaustive data collection.
• Students failure to view out information.
During this research which conducted at Airport Secondary School in Mbeya faced a problem in information collection. As the main respondents were student some of them fail to give out their contribution due to various personal factors.

CHAPTER TWO
METHODOLOGY
2:1 METHODS USED IN THE OBSERVATION
In this study the methods which were involve are mainly Interview and Questionnaire, Interview method involve getting information face to face with the respondents through words. There were the questions asked to them Orally and they were responding. Questionnaire method involve well prepare questions written on piece of paper and then distributed to the respondents.

In those two method which both Used during the collection of data about factors that determine standard and quality education in Secondary school, The following are the research questions which respondents were answered.
i. What factors that determine standard and quality of education in school. ii. What leadership and Administrative factors that affect stranded and quality of educations. iii. How far education system produce quality output.?
Reasons behind the use of interview and Questionnaire
Method in Obtaining Information.
Interview Method.
This method helps to get first handed information quick than any other method. This method involve a series at questions to be answered by respondent rally. I decided to use Interview method first in order to obtain data Quick, Secondly I use this method in order to simplify the work by making immediately any Clarification to the respondent if is not correct or Cleary understood.

Questionnaire method This is the method of obtaining data by prepare a question written and then to be answered by respondent there were the use of that method during collection of data in order to get a large amount of data at a short period of time. And also this is one of the way which most of the student are being able to view their ideas freely. Hence I used such method in order to make them free in giving out their ideas.
2:2 PARTICIPANTS INVOLVED
In my study I conducted there were a different types participants involved. Mainly I used student, teachers and parents in few cases. There were a lot of factors that push to use them most.

Students. In the study conducted in order to assess factors that determine standard and quality of education, the students were the most participants I used to obtain information. The reasons behind the use of students most in my study are as follows.
Firstly students are the one who education has been given to them. These are the first people to be either benefits by standard and quality education or are the one to be affected by poor education.
Secondly students are the one to have the Ideas on how they think that certain education given to them is Quality or not.

Teachers. In my study I conducted teachers also were a among of the participants Involve In order to obtained information Teachers most used are those who were current teaching practices. I decide to use the teachers currently teaching in a specific school due to the main reason, that teachers have experiences on education and also are the product of a certain education.

Parents Also among of participants in my study were the parents. Most of the parents Used are those who were the parents of the students studied in a specific school where I conducted my study. Not only that but also some of the parents living around the school I used them as participants. Factor for used of parents as participants in my study is that, parents always reflect the society. And parents also are the first people to observe how much did the education got their sons and daughters is quality. Parents also act as the society, because what they see and need in education Is the one need by entire society.

2.3 THE AREA OF STUDY This study of assessment of the factors that determine standard and quality of education in secondary school was conducted at airport secondary school located Mbeya city In Mbeya Regional. This secondary school is among of Non government Organization (NGO’S). Airport Secondary School Started in 2007 (Registration Number. 2409). Under the ownership of Non-government organization namely SHIRIKA LA MAFUNZO LA ISLANI with Mr. Nikuswiga .I. Malambugi as the principal Director of the school the first head of the school was Mrs. Mesi Mwamlima as the Headmistress. During its establishment there was a total number of nine (9) staff Including two (2) female teachers and four Male teachers. Also there were other staff members (3) including one watchman, one secretary and one Cashier. In 2007 the year of establishment of school there were a total number of 127 students. A among 127 students boys were 45 and girls were 72. There was three (3) buildings of classes and three (3) buildings of offices.

During the year when this study was conducting 2012 the headmaster of school is Mr. John Nchimbi. There are total number of 12 teachers, 5 female and one (1) secretary one (1) Cashier and Secretary and Librarian one for each post. The Classes also has Increased from 3 Classes during 2007 to ten (10) Classes in 2012 also five offices, one library and one laboratory.

SCHOOL MISSION
“To provide Quality education”

SCHOOL VISION
“To be a Centre for provision of quality Education in Primary Level, Ordinary Secondary level and Advanced Secondary Education”

FORM FOUR (N) NECTA RESULTS OF AIRPORT SECONDARY SCHOOL
Year Total students Register Student sat for examination Absentees Division
I Division
II Division
III Division
IV Div
0
2010 60 59 1 1 0 9 45 4
2011 46 45 1 0 1 9 30 5

2.4 DATA ANALYSIS
After the Collection of data, different Mathematical calculation and computation were Involved On order to make easy analysis of the data. Obtained from the field. During interview and Questioners total 85% respondents agreed that standard education can be obtained through the following ways
- Good effective Leadership and Administration
- Enough teaching and learning materials such as books and others.
- Good and attractive environment.
- Use of good language as the teaching and learning language Such as the use of Swahili language . Also 10% of respondent agreed that the standard and is impossible to be obtained .Because government and other association like NGO”S have been trying to improve education but still the quality of education declines day after day But 5% of respondent they were not stand whether there is quality education or not

CHAPTER THREE
SUMMARY
In this chapter three it going to cover what has been observed and its implication actual information ‘’What should be done to overcome the problem recommendation and suggestion to improve the teaching practice activity
3.1 What has been observed and its implication . In this observation research to assess factors that determine standard and quality of education in secondary school a case of airport secondary school in Mbeya urban district The following are the factors which has been observed and its implication in quality and standard of education in secondary schools
• The size of classes Size of many classes were too big ,some classes found to have more than 50 students .In this case if the size of class is too big the standard and quality of education declines and tend to be low .Due to having large numbers of student in one class the whole process of education delivery is affected for example a class of 80 students is very difficult for a teacher to handle class effectively
• Education finance Absence of enough education finance has also been observed to affect the standard and quality of education in secondary school .In school there were a lot of problems associated due to lack of educational finance .Education facilities such as books and other discovered to be inadequate and hence limitation in provision of quality education.

• Infrastructure facilities Also the standard and quality education in secondary school has been observed to be affected by inadequate infrastructure facilities in the school .Inadequate infrastructure such as library ,Laboratory ,classes offices and other greatly contribute to the undermine standard and quality of education
• Teachers Working Environment Among of the important factors in the delivery of standard and quality education is working environment of teachers .presence of poor working Environment of teachers in school will affect the performance of the teacher in the delivery of education of education to the student. Poor working environment for teacher are such as lack of meal provision during working time for rest and others
• Administrative support and leadership In secondary school also administrative support and leadership can affect at a greatly the standard and quality of education presence of good administration from the National level to the school level will boost the standard and quality of education .But if the administration is weak ,the standard and quality of education also will be poor or low.
• Ongoing professional development In order for the learning and teaching to be standard and quality it is very necessary for a teacher to undergo professional development .This is very necessary especially if there is a certain changes in a topic or curriculum in teaching .If a teacher is aware and trained well he /she will deliver quality education to the students .

• Teachers behaviors The behaviors of teacher has a lot of influence to the students and the whole process of leaning and teaching .Hence that if a teacher behavior is good and he /she behave accordingly to his/her code of conduct the education delivery will be of standard and quality
• Professional learning for teachers . If a teacher have well professional skills for teaching, always the education provided also will be of standard. But if a teacher does not have such profession what she/he been provided to the student the education, and hence poor education quality will be generated.
LEADERSHIP AND ADMINISTRATIVE FACTORS
• Experience If a leader has enough experience in education leadership in a certain institution will be effectively and efficient leader .Also he/she may influence a lot for attainment of standard and quality of education .
• Cooperation In an institution which provide education If there is good cooperation among leaders and other there will be good education provided .Poor cooperation of leaders from nation level to lower level will cause poor education
• Planning In Administrative if there is poor planning always leads to the poor education .But good planning from the national level to the lower level will increase standard and quality of education

3:2 ACTUAL INFORMATION In a research conducted of Airport secondary school in Mbeya urban district in assessment of the factors that determine the standard and quality education .the following are the actual information obtained in a specific area of research
 Presence of big number of students in a small classes ,more than 60 in one class .
 Lack of on going professional development among the teachers
 Inadequate infrastructure or facilities of teaching and learning such as library ,laboratory ,classes and offices
 Inadequate capital or education fund for the school development .
 Problems among student in learning activities Such as the use of English language as the teaching and learning language.

3.3 WAYS TO BE DONE INORDER TO OVERCOME THE PROBLEM In order to overcome the problem of having poor quality and low standard education in Secondary school, the following are suggested ways:-
• Increasing the Education budget. The government should increase its proportion budget in education sector. This budget should include both government schools and private schools. Private school should be given grants, loans from government.
• Review of the existing curriculum The existing curriculum should be well checked so as to identify those areas of weakness which in one way they limit the achievement of quality education.
• Improving school infrastructures In order to attain standard and quality education in secondary school there should be well improved infrastructure. Things like classes, libraries laboratory and othes must be well improved to encourage quality education.

3.4 RECOMMENDATION / OPINIONS TRAPPED FROM THE FIELD. From the Research conducted at Airport Secondary School in Mbeya Region the following are some at the recommendation provide in order to have quality and standard education.
• Change of the language used. Most of the students suggested that one of the factor limiting education in Tanzania Secondary school is the use of a English language. Most of them agree that what they obtained from the school is just by rote learning. They proposed if there will be the use of nation language which is common to all Tanzania the education may produce Quality out puts. Hence they recommended the use of Swahili as teaching language in secondary school.

3.5 WAYS TO IMPROVE TEACHING PRACTICE ACTIVITY In order to improve teaching activity of Mzumbe University students the following are some of the factors to be consider:-
• The process of assessment should be done at a time. Some of student until the finish their teaching practice in their areas of field the never be assess. This in one way or another cause inefficient, the University should increase her personal for assessment.
• Field allowance should be at a time also. If the field allowance of students who are suppose to go for field will be ready before commencing of teaching practices.

REFERENCES
DHIMAN, O.P ( 2007 ). Foundations of Education. S.B. Nangia, A.P.H Publishing corporation. New Delhi
Haki elimu. (2011). Mwanafunzi bora ni yupi; wananchi wanasemaje? Dar-es-salaam: Haki elimu.

References: DHIMAN, O.P ( 2007 ). Foundations of Education. S.B. Nangia, A.P.H Publishing corporation. New Delhi Haki elimu. (2011). Mwanafunzi bora ni yupi; wananchi wanasemaje? Dar-es-salaam: Haki elimu.