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Preface
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Finite Element Analysis was developed as a numerical method of stress analysis, but now it has been extended as a general method of solution to many complex engineering and physical science problems. As it involves lot of calculations, its growth is closely linked with the developments in computer technology. Now-a-days a number of finite element analysis packages are available commercially and number of users is increasing. A user without a basic course on finite element analysis may produce dangerous results. Hence now-a-days in many M.Tech. programmes finite element analysis is a core subject and in undergraduate programmes many universities offer it as an elective subject. The experience of the author in teaching this course to M.Tech (Geotechnical Engineering) and M.Tech. (Industrial Structures) students at National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Surathkal (formerly, K.R.E.C. Surathkal) and to undergraduate students at SDM College of Eingineering and Technology, Dharwad inspired him to write this book. This is intended as a text book to students and as an introductory course to all users of finite element packages. The author has developed the finite element concept, element properties and stiffness equations in first nine chapters. In chapter X the various