Quiz: General Zoology
General Zoology
Study Questions for First Lecture:
1. Differentiate one from the other:
a. living thing- are biological structures that respond to changes in the environment or within their own entities. This includes animals, plants, fungi and the single-celled organisms known as bacteria. Living things have complex biochemical organizations that allow them to process substances and utilize energy in order to respond to changes around them.
b. non-living thing- is no longer living or has never had the traits of life including respiration, reproduction, movement, metabolism, sensitivity and growth. Nonliving things do not require energy to continue existing in their current state.
c. dead organism- is defined as an organism that lacks, or …show more content…
has stopped showing, signs of life. Dead organisms are inanimate and have stopped displaying capabilities for growth, reproduction, respiration, metabolism and movement. These organisms also lack the ability to respond to stimuli and adapt to their environment. Non-living organisms do not require energy to continue in existence.
2.
On Locomotion/Movement:
a. Are all plants sessile (permanently attached; not freely moving)? “Walking” Palms, Climbing Vines– Some Plants Are Not “Sessile”
b. Are all animals mobile?
This is true. Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently. All animals are also heterotrophs, meaning they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance. But all animals (including sponges) have at least one stage of their life-cycle in which they are motile.
3. Are viruses alive? Why or why not?
Viruses are non-living particles that attack healthy cells in living things. Viruses also lack the properties of living things: They have no energy metabolism, they do not grow, they produce no waste products, and they do not respond to stimuli. They also don't reproduce independently but must replicate by invading living …show more content…
cells.
4. What are the different theories explaining the origin of life?
Theory of Spontaneous Generation
This theory assumed that living organisms could arise suddenly and spontaneously from any kind of non-living matter. One of the firm believers in spontaneous generation was Aristotle, the Greek philosopher (384-322 BC).
Theory of Catastrophism
It is simply a modification of the theory of Special Creation.
It states that there have been several creations of life by God, each preceded by a catastrophe resulting from some kind of geological disturbance. According to this theory, since each catastrophe completely destroyed the existing life, each new creation consisted of life form different from that of previous ones.
Cosmozoic Theory (Theory of Panspermia)
According to this theory, life has reached this planet Earth from other heavenly bodies such as meteorites, in the form of highly resistance spores of some organisms. This idea was proposed by Richter in 1865 and supported by Arrhenius (1908) and other contemporary scientists. The theory did not gain any support. This theory lacks evidence, hence it was discarded.
Theory of Chemical Evolution
This theory is also known as Materialistic Theory or Physico-chemical Theory. According this theory, Origin of life on earth is the result of a slow and gradual process of chemical evolution that probably occurred about 3.8 billion years ago. This theory was proposed independently by two scientists - A.I.Oparin, a Russian scientist in 1923 and J.B.S Haldane, an English scientist, in
1928
5. True or False? When an organism dies, its tissues undergo decomposition. Explain.
Decomposition is the process by which organic substances are broken down into a much simpler form of matter. The process is essential for recycling the finite matter that occupies physical space in the biome. Bodies of living organisms begin to decompose shortly after death. Although no two organisms decompose in the same way, they all undergo the same sequential stages of decomposition.
Study Questions for First Lecture:
1. Differentiate one from the other:
a. living thing- are biological structures that respond to changes in the environment or within their own entities. This includes animals, plants, fungi and the single-celled organisms known as bacteria. Living things have complex biochemical organizations that allow them to process substances and utilize energy in order to respond to changes around them.
b. non-living thing- is no longer living or has never had the traits of life including respiration, reproduction, movement, metabolism, sensitivity and growth. Nonliving things do not require energy to continue existing in their current state.
c. dead organism- is defined as an organism that lacks, or …show more content…
has stopped showing, signs of life. Dead organisms are inanimate and have stopped displaying capabilities for growth, reproduction, respiration, metabolism and movement. These organisms also lack the ability to respond to stimuli and adapt to their environment. Non-living organisms do not require energy to continue in existence.
2.
On Locomotion/Movement:
a. Are all plants sessile (permanently attached; not freely moving)? “Walking” Palms, Climbing Vines– Some Plants Are Not “Sessile”
b. Are all animals mobile?
This is true. Animals are a major group of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on in their life. Most animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently. All animals are also heterotrophs, meaning they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance. But all animals (including sponges) have at least one stage of their life-cycle in which they are motile.
3. Are viruses alive? Why or why not?
Viruses are non-living particles that attack healthy cells in living things. Viruses also lack the properties of living things: They have no energy metabolism, they do not grow, they produce no waste products, and they do not respond to stimuli. They also don't reproduce independently but must replicate by invading living …show more content…
cells.
4. What are the different theories explaining the origin of life?
Theory of Spontaneous Generation
This theory assumed that living organisms could arise suddenly and spontaneously from any kind of non-living matter. One of the firm believers in spontaneous generation was Aristotle, the Greek philosopher (384-322 BC).
Theory of Catastrophism
It is simply a modification of the theory of Special Creation.
It states that there have been several creations of life by God, each preceded by a catastrophe resulting from some kind of geological disturbance. According to this theory, since each catastrophe completely destroyed the existing life, each new creation consisted of life form different from that of previous ones.
Cosmozoic Theory (Theory of Panspermia)
According to this theory, life has reached this planet Earth from other heavenly bodies such as meteorites, in the form of highly resistance spores of some organisms. This idea was proposed by Richter in 1865 and supported by Arrhenius (1908) and other contemporary scientists. The theory did not gain any support. This theory lacks evidence, hence it was discarded.
Theory of Chemical Evolution
This theory is also known as Materialistic Theory or Physico-chemical Theory. According this theory, Origin of life on earth is the result of a slow and gradual process of chemical evolution that probably occurred about 3.8 billion years ago. This theory was proposed independently by two scientists - A.I.Oparin, a Russian scientist in 1923 and J.B.S Haldane, an English scientist, in
1928
5. True or False? When an organism dies, its tissues undergo decomposition. Explain.
Decomposition is the process by which organic substances are broken down into a much simpler form of matter. The process is essential for recycling the finite matter that occupies physical space in the biome. Bodies of living organisms begin to decompose shortly after death. Although no two organisms decompose in the same way, they all undergo the same sequential stages of decomposition.