In her essay, Engendering Racial Difference, author Kathleen Brown argues that “early definitions of racial difference and the accompanying discriminatory practices resulted ultimately in a race-specific concept of womanhood.” Such a ‘race-specific concept of womanhood’ was eventually ingrained in the laws of Virginia which expedited the perpetual enslavement of the African people and their children. The initial legal ambiguity in Virginia laws regarding slaves facilitated either the exploitation of slaves by their masters or servitude and their eventual release subject to the “good-will of their masters.” As more slaves (who were mostly African) started arriving in Virginia, however, a need for a slave code soon developed. Because many of…
The issue of slavery in America is a vastly documented phenomenon that captivates the interest of nearly everyone with a slight interest in history. It is a dark and fascinating subject yet still an overlooked part of our young nation’s history. Though there are countless books and articles written on the topic, few provide such compelling and brutally truthful accounts of the hardships endured by slaves as Harriett Jacobs in Incidents of a Slave Girl. Within this novel, she attempts to describe her situation under the laws dictating her life as a slave. She writes as to persuade the reader not to judge her as she tells them all she has bared in her life. As a young girl when she became a slave, she was subject to harassment, particularly by sexual means, more so than her male equals. Through the course of her book, Jacobs describes her predicament and attempts to survive and surpass it.…
The black population in America has always been oppressed and abused in some sort of way, but the depth of the abuse that black females have had to deal with never really seems to take the spotlight. Black Female Executions in Historical Context by David V. Baker and Drug Offenses, Gender, Ethnicity, and Nationality Women in Prison in England and Wales by Janice Joseph both look in depth into the amount of unfairness and inequality that black females have faced in the past and present.…
The study of slavery and race in America highlights the ironic contrast between an Anglo-American and African-American Society. Anglo-Europeans who professed a love for freedom and the importance of virtue deprived African-Americans of humanity and dignity. The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family by Annette Gordon-Reed, Ar’n’t I a Woman: Female Slaves in the Plantation South by Deborah Gray White, and Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake & Lowcountry by Philip D. Morgan examine the systematic removal of power and perceived humanity of enslaved women and contrast the perceived sexual promiscuity of enslaved women with the sexual repression and virtue assigned to white women. Annette Gordon-Reed’s The…
Once the Civil War had ended, many rejoiced and thought that African Americans would be free to live out normal lives, but then came the increase of lynching. After the war, the Southern economy was in ruins, and lynching had allowed white southerners to express their hatred and discontent towards the situation and African Americans were the vulnerable targets for their pent-up anger (Notes). In Southern Horrors, Feimster introduces Rebecca Felton, who was a wealthy slave owner, and Ida B. Wells, a slave born women, and how each woman viewed this idea of lynching drastically diverse from each other due to their upbringings.…
The Plantation Mistress by Catherine Clinton is a historical non-fiction book which details the lives and the daily struggles of the white women of the planter class as it existed during the antebellum era in the southern United States. Through the use of historical records and diary entries of the women themselves, Ms. Clinton clearly documents that the lives of the Plantation Mistresses were remarkably different and significantly more difficult than what is that of Scarlett O’Hara and her family. Furthermore, the expectations of the white females of the time were not that of the pampered southern bell who was indulged and spoiled by her husband and whose every need was tended to by slaves. In fact, the women of the time were in only a…
In Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina 1896-1920, Glenda Gilmore exposed the benefits of adjusting our angle in studying the southern political narrative of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In studying elite, educated, black and white women, Gilmore found sources that voiced the opinions and views of these women. By placing educated black and white women at the center of her study, Gilmore revealed how the political activism and mutual cooperation by women of both races influenced southern progressivism. Gilmore remarked that her focus on educated female leaders slights the working class point of view, as other stories “remain to be told.” Wilmington’s working class females served…
In 1931, nine black teenage males were convicted of raping two white females on a freight train in Tennessee. It was traveling from Chattanooga to Memphis; however, the case was initiated in Scottsboro, Alabama. Thus, the nine defendants became known as the Scottsboro Boys. In the initial court hearing, eight of the nine boys were issued the death sentence. As the author indicates, this case was a strong illustration of the intense prejudice towards black men and women in the early 1900s, and it demonstrates whose word prevailed when it involved black versus white.…
Property subjection, she contends, involved that White proprietors of female slaves expected that they claimed Black ladies' work as well as their "conceptive limit." Whites supported this standardized assault with the picture of the wanton Black lady. In like manner, the determined work Whites requested of male slaves decreased them to solid however stunned bodies, with an extra, undermining part of untamed viciousness, as though they were stallions to be broken. Slaves whose great conduct made them reasonable to serve and live in nearness to Whites delivered agamic, subservient social sorts. Subsequently we acquire the scientific categorization of the Jezebel and the Buck, Mammy and Uncle Tom.…
Race does indeed outweigh class and gender in the case of Amanda Dickson. Amanda Dickson’s forty year old father, David Dickson, raped her thirteen year-old mother Julia Lewis Dickson. Resulting from this most harrowing experience, Julia Dickson conceived Amanda America Dickson. These types of forced conceptions were considered the norm of southern society during the 19th century. Women had [2]very little rights concerning their rights to sexual intercourse and birth rights.…
Control of reproductive decisions of black women is a highly prevalent a form of racial oppression in America. Due to this form of control, the meaning of reproductive liberty in America has been significantly altered. These issues are addressed in Dorothy Roberts’ Killing the Black Body. The novel demonstrates the way in which black women were consistently devalued as a tool for reproductive means, which in itself was a form of racial oppression. The novel also provides the reader with insight as to how experiences of black women since times of slavery have drastically changed the present day connotation of reproductive freedom.…
Harriet A. Jacobs, a former slave, in “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself”, offers a poignant and unique perspective on women and mothers in slavery. One woman’s first-hand account of slave life and the trafficking of human beings as chattel illuminated this depraved and pervasive institution during the antebellum period of America. Slaves were considered as a piece of property for the use of their masters. It is clear in her statement “But I do earnestly desire to arouse the women of the North to realizing sense of the…
One of the most violent acts against a group of people happened in the America South. The offenders are slavery, racism and religious practices. These unlawful events are a part of American history that had happened sometime before or around the early 1600 through the antebellum era, and beyond the history of World War I. The Negro slaves were considered an inferior race according to “middle-class values,” (Chesnutt 169). The facts are slavery; racism and religion are exposed in history.…
America’s upbringing was built off of the institution of slavery; the colonies would not have survived without the forced labor of the countless Africans who were stolen from their homeland and enslaved in this new foreign world. The overwhelming debt needed to be paid to Britain was the reasoning behind this inhumane, barbaric time in American history. These Africans were not only forced into performing back-breaking labor, but they were also subjected to constant humiliation by their owners. Most slaves were not allowed to travel freely, educate themselves, practice their religion, and in some cases—especially in regard to the females—have control over their own body and virtue. History has uncovered evidence of forced sexual relations between…
Edwards, Bob and Joshua Levs. Southern Women and Memories of Slavery, Part One. Morning Edition 28 December 1998. eLibrary. College of the Canyons Library, Santa Clarita, CA. 16 April 2002…