Race In America Brodkin Summary

1. Brodkin, author and researcher of How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says About Race in America illustrates how Jews succeeded, while African Americans struggled in America. Jews were successful, because they were offered opportunities that other races were denied. For instance, majority of government programs, housing, education, and occupation opportunities were designed to keep African Americans from succeeding, so Jews and Europeans can easily advance in America. Jews could succeed in America, because they were offered education and occupation opportunities. They could attend college, because they were considered middle class. People who attended or completed college were offered occupational opportunities, so they received higher wages. People can provide for their family when they are receiving higher wages. Overall, Jews could advance in America, because they were offered better opportunities than other races.
Papillon, author and researcher of The Hard Science of Civil Rights: How Neuroscience Changes the Conversation focused on how race can affect people and their actions. For instance, people are more likely for shoot an African American than a Caucasian even though they are doing the same thing. In other words, people associate fear with African Americans, while they view Caucasians as harmless. Within the last year, many African Americans have been killed or injured by police officers. For instance, Philando Castile Was a young African American male who was a shot in front of his daughter and girlfriend by a policer officer while reaching for his wallet. The officer shot him numerous times, because he believes Castile was reaching for a gun, even though Castile assured him he was not. The officer’s implicit bias occurred, because he saw an African American reaching for something and his first reaction was to protect himself. Overall, race can affect how people respond and react to