Racism In The Criminal Justice System: A Literature Review

"racism is an ideology, or belief system, designed to justify and rationalize racial and ethnic inequality" (Cassandra C. 2013) and "discrimination, most basically, is behavior aimed at denying members of particular ethnic groups' equal access to societal rewards". Defining both Racism and Discrimination concepts from opening it is important that they provide variety lenses through which our focus is on racist discriminatory practices of law enforcement can occur. Since the time that Africans were forcibly brought to America, they have been the victims of racist and discriminatory practices that have been spurred and/or substantiated by those who create and enforce the law. A law professor Michael Tonry's research findings point to the fact that Whites
Thus, to Whites, Blacks are viewed as deserving of harsh treatment in the criminal justice system. At first glance, such an allegation may seem to be unfathomable, buy that there is an extensive body of literature which suggests that Black males are viewed as the “prototypical criminal,” and this notion is buttressed in the media, by the general public, and via disparate sentencing outcomes.
For instance, police Brutality Against Black Males According to Walker (2011), police brutality is defined as "the use of excessive physical force or verbal assault and psychological intimidation" (p. 579). Although one recent study suggests that the NYPD has become better behaved due to greater race and gender diversity (Kane and White 2009). Blacks are more likely to be the victims of police brutality. A growing body of scholarly research related to police brutality has revealed that Blacks are more likely than Whites to make complaints regarding police brutality (Smith and Holmes 2003), to be accosted while operating a