The life cycle of this insect is about three to five months. It is difficult to tell wether or not a Darkling Beetle is male or female without observing it under a microscope. They typically spend thirty to ninety days in their larvae stage. They molt anywhere from nine to twenty times, before becoming pupa and finally, adults. On average, Mealworms are an inch long. They have a cylinder-like shape and have a yellow-brown exoskeleton. Mealworms are somewhat hardened so that they can burrow. They also have a segmented body, six legs, and two antennae. Mealworms are nocturnal, but are also active during the …show more content…
Large and small mealworms can be purchased. The large mealworms are easier to observe and are most often treated with hormones so that they will not turn into beetles. Methylxanthines, which include caffeine, are found berries, leaves, and seed in select species of plants. These species include tea, cocoa, coffee, and kola. It is unclear what the purpose of methylxanthines are in nature. It is thought, however, that many plants produce substances that discourage insect feeding, essentially acting as natural pesticides. There is evidence that suggests that methylxanthines could be among these substances. A study was performed, using tobacco hornworm larvae, to see if there were pertistatic and pesticidal effects of caffeine. Powdered coffee beans, combined with a liquid, were placed in petri dishes in concentrations ranging from 0.3 to ten percent. Instar larvae were placed in the petri dishes and showed symptoms such as hyperactivity, stunted growth and tremors. These same results were found in experimental groups that used 0.1 to three percent of tea. The larvae placed in petri dishes with a ten percent or greater concentration of coffee, or three percent for tea, died within twenty four