reflective journal
Short essay
|!|ES01001|!|
With reference to a named earthquake, describe the impacts induced by the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake on the people and the environment. Explain the factors that influence the response of people to this tectonic hazard? (12 marks)
Describe
6
Explain
6
Suggested answer:
Introduction
Primary and secondary effects of earthquakes on the people and the environment:
Example: 1995 Kobe Earthquake, 1999 Taiwan Earthquake, 2008 Sichuan Earthquake, etc.
Students have to refer to the chosen example and elaborate the impacts accordingly.
Primary effects are immediate and direct impacts of earthquakes as a result of ground shaking: fault rupture and deformation of ground / ground shaking / aftershocks, etc.
Secondary effects are the impacts and damage caused by the primary ground shaking effect: avalanche / landslides / soil liquefaction / flooding / tsunamis / disruption of transport/ disruption of communications / fire hazards / disease and epidemics / quake lakes, etc.
All these will bring loss of life / casualties, and economic loss. Reconstruction of the affected area is needed.
(6)
Factors that influence the effects on people and their response to earthquakes:
Development level of the place: affects the technology available in minimising the impacts, e.g. monitoring and warning systems, design of buildings, equipments to save lives, etc.
Government enforcement: affects the preparedness of the government for a hazard event and the effectiveness in implementing relevant policies and measures, e.g. stricter building laws and regulations, educating people of the hazard, carrying out earthquake drills, response planning, etc.
Awareness of the people: affects their preparation for the hazard, e.g. keeping survival kits at home, participating earthquake drills, learning first-aid skills, etc.
Magnitude and frequency of earthquake: affects the area affected by the earthquake, and
|!|ES01001|!|
With reference to a named earthquake, describe the impacts induced by the primary and secondary effects of an earthquake on the people and the environment. Explain the factors that influence the response of people to this tectonic hazard? (12 marks)
Describe
6
Explain
6
Suggested answer:
Introduction
Primary and secondary effects of earthquakes on the people and the environment:
Example: 1995 Kobe Earthquake, 1999 Taiwan Earthquake, 2008 Sichuan Earthquake, etc.
Students have to refer to the chosen example and elaborate the impacts accordingly.
Primary effects are immediate and direct impacts of earthquakes as a result of ground shaking: fault rupture and deformation of ground / ground shaking / aftershocks, etc.
Secondary effects are the impacts and damage caused by the primary ground shaking effect: avalanche / landslides / soil liquefaction / flooding / tsunamis / disruption of transport/ disruption of communications / fire hazards / disease and epidemics / quake lakes, etc.
All these will bring loss of life / casualties, and economic loss. Reconstruction of the affected area is needed.
(6)
Factors that influence the effects on people and their response to earthquakes:
Development level of the place: affects the technology available in minimising the impacts, e.g. monitoring and warning systems, design of buildings, equipments to save lives, etc.
Government enforcement: affects the preparedness of the government for a hazard event and the effectiveness in implementing relevant policies and measures, e.g. stricter building laws and regulations, educating people of the hazard, carrying out earthquake drills, response planning, etc.
Awareness of the people: affects their preparation for the hazard, e.g. keeping survival kits at home, participating earthquake drills, learning first-aid skills, etc.
Magnitude and frequency of earthquake: affects the area affected by the earthquake, and