Refrigeration And Air Conditioning
Electrical Equipment/
Refrigeration & AC
Refrigeration & AC
Refrigeration &
Air Conditioning
1
Training Agenda: Refrigeration &
Air Conditioning
Refrigeration & AC
Introduction
Type of refrigeration
Assessment of refrigeration and AC
Energy efficiency opportunities
2
Introduction
Refrigeration & AC
How does it work?
High Temperature Reservoir
Heat Rejected
R
Work Input
Heat Absorbed
Low Temperature Reservoir
3
Introduction
How does it work?
Refrigeration & AC
Thermal energy moves from left to right through five loops of heat transfer:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Indoor air loop Chilled water loop
Refrigerant loop Condenser water loop
Cooling water loop
4
Introduction
AC Systems
Refrigeration & AC
AC options / combinations:
• Air Conditioning (for comfort / machine)
• Split air conditioners
• Fan coil units in a larger system
• Air handling units in a larger system
5
Introduction
Refrigeration & AC
Refrigeration systems for industrial processes • Small capacity modular units of direct expansion type (50 Tons of Refrigeration)
• Centralized chilled water plants with chilled water as a secondary coolant
(50 –
250 TR)
• Brine plants with brines as lower temperature, secondary coolant (>250 TR)
6
Introduction
Refrigeration at large companies
Refrigeration & AC
• Bank of units off-site with common
• Chilled water pumps
• Condenser water pumps
• Cooling towers
• More levels of refrigeration/AC, e.g.
• Comfort air conditioning (20-25 oC)
• Chilled water system (8 – 10 oC)
• Brine system (< 0 oC)
7
Training Agenda: Refrigeration &
Air Conditioning
Refrigeration & AC
Introduction
Type of refrigeration
Assessment of refrigeration and AC
Energy efficiency opportunities
8
Types of Refrigeration
Refrigeration systems
Refrigeration & AC
• Vapour Compression
Refrigeration (VCR): uses mechanical energy
• Vapour Absorption Refrigeration
(VAR): uses thermal energy
9
Type of Refrigeration
Vapour Compression Refrigeration
Refrigeration & AC
•
Refrigeration & AC
Refrigeration & AC
Refrigeration &
Air Conditioning
1
Training Agenda: Refrigeration &
Air Conditioning
Refrigeration & AC
Introduction
Type of refrigeration
Assessment of refrigeration and AC
Energy efficiency opportunities
2
Introduction
Refrigeration & AC
How does it work?
High Temperature Reservoir
Heat Rejected
R
Work Input
Heat Absorbed
Low Temperature Reservoir
3
Introduction
How does it work?
Refrigeration & AC
Thermal energy moves from left to right through five loops of heat transfer:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Indoor air loop Chilled water loop
Refrigerant loop Condenser water loop
Cooling water loop
4
Introduction
AC Systems
Refrigeration & AC
AC options / combinations:
• Air Conditioning (for comfort / machine)
• Split air conditioners
• Fan coil units in a larger system
• Air handling units in a larger system
5
Introduction
Refrigeration & AC
Refrigeration systems for industrial processes • Small capacity modular units of direct expansion type (50 Tons of Refrigeration)
• Centralized chilled water plants with chilled water as a secondary coolant
(50 –
250 TR)
• Brine plants with brines as lower temperature, secondary coolant (>250 TR)
6
Introduction
Refrigeration at large companies
Refrigeration & AC
• Bank of units off-site with common
• Chilled water pumps
• Condenser water pumps
• Cooling towers
• More levels of refrigeration/AC, e.g.
• Comfort air conditioning (20-25 oC)
• Chilled water system (8 – 10 oC)
• Brine system (< 0 oC)
7
Training Agenda: Refrigeration &
Air Conditioning
Refrigeration & AC
Introduction
Type of refrigeration
Assessment of refrigeration and AC
Energy efficiency opportunities
8
Types of Refrigeration
Refrigeration systems
Refrigeration & AC
• Vapour Compression
Refrigeration (VCR): uses mechanical energy
• Vapour Absorption Refrigeration
(VAR): uses thermal energy
9
Type of Refrigeration
Vapour Compression Refrigeration
Refrigeration & AC
•