Discuss research into the nature of relationships in different cultures. (9 marks + 16 marks)…
Global Business Cultural Analysis: Italy Kendell Taylor Business 604 Edward Moore Liberty University Global Business Cultural Analysis Outline Abstract Introduction 1. Major Elements and Dimensions of Culture in Italy 1.1 History of Italian Culture 1.2.1…
If there was ever a country that had miscommunication issues, it is Japan. Throughout the many years of their political relationship Japan and United States have found themselves in the midst of many instances of miscommunication. This is to be expected when a collectivistic and high-context culture, such as the Japanese, finds themselves constantly communicating with an individualistic and low-context culture, such as Americans. These are the two countries that this paper will be addressing in terms of intercultural communication and their differences that may lead to miscommunication.…
At the beginning the client will feel the power side of the relationship is with the counsellor, they will know the counsellor is professionally trained, also the counsellor will be on familiar territory if the session is at the counsellors choice of venue, but, by explaining to the client the therapeutic process they will quickly realise the counsellor is committed to shifting the power to the client thus assisting with the therapeutic alliance. By being totally congruent from the beginning will display to the client there are no hidden agendas, the counsellor is totally transparent, non-judgemental, the counsellor has empathy towards the client and understands them.…
Sexual culture has changed over the past fifty years with the emergence of technology. Rhoads discusses the emergence of hookup culture in today’s society. College students as well as people not on college campuses are seeking out casual sex. The author also compares and contrasts how both men and women feel after their casual sexual encounter. Men often feel happy after a one-night stand whereas women feel vulnerable and unsatisfied. This may have to do with the male to female ratio on college campuses. This ratio determines whether or not sexual desires will be satisfied on the campuses or if students will find another outlet. Women outnumber men on campus; therefore, they must oversexualize themselves to meet the needs of the men they are…
Objective moral truths are truths that exist regardless of an individuals or a group opinion. Subjectivists believe that there are no objective moral truths and that morality is decided by the person. For instance, some objectivists would say that it is an objective moral truth that torturing babies is wrong. While subjectivist believe that it is morally true or morally wrong if one approves or disproves of torturing babies. According to subjectivism, things are either right or wrong according to an individuals attitudes and feelings. Cultural relativism differs from objectivists view on moral truths as it believes also there are no objective moral truths. Cultural relativism believe morality is based on the moral code of a culture. Moral codes…
Cultural relativism can be defined as the understanding that the choices one can consider morally right are those approved of by one’s culture. Cultural differences in moral beliefs don’t imply cultural relativism because nonmoral beliefs can alter the perspective of basic moral principles shared by the culture. This would imply that there are no universally set/correct moral standards. Saying that cultural differences in moral beliefs imply cultural relativism is only part of an argument, not a conclusion supported by valid premises. There is the possibility that the moral issue in question is, in fact, an objective truth, in which case the culture is purely wrong. If cultural relativism exists, and no culture can ever be wrong in their moral…
Socio-cultural lens refer to as rational self, were being combine which is a contextual way to observe young people relate to culture and society which it is used. As context is defined as the situation that shape the definition with more explanation that have detail around as the main reason for why the contextual approach is beneficial because the information can be a figure that can carry a context in which to develop a concept that connect and able to contribute in the society and in order to better understand young people' behavior . As in gender it tries to explore on how our society defines ideas about masculine and feminine, while it sees society as supporting male and female . The gender examines female and male which depict on how to resist societal expectations that impacts us and gender…
This premise of cultural relativism shows prefigure of moral relativism. Moral relativism can be generally grouped into three categories; (1) descriptive moral relativism, (2) normative moral relativism, and (3) meta-ethical moral relativism. Descriptive relativism, according to Frankena, is the idea ‘that the basic ethical beliefs of different people and societies are different and even conflicting’ [1973:109]. The second form of ethical relativism conceives the idea that ‘what is really right or good in the one case is not so in another. Such a normative principle seems to violate the requirements of consistency and universalization’[1973:109]. The last among the three reveals that ‘there is no objectively valid, rational way of justifying one against another; consequently, two conflicting basic…
Relational Culture Theory and Cultural Humility have a variety of similarities. Relational Culture Theory was developed with the fact in mind that we as humans, are naturally drawn to relationships. RCT says that we grown through our relationships in life. Cultural Humility is forgetting what you know about someone based on their culture, and hearing it from the source. Both RCT and Cultural Humility benefit people in different ways, but they are both key to developing secure relationships. The video Cultural Humility (2012) describes it as an approach or a tool. How I perceive the two theories is that Cultural Humility is more of a micro level of relationships and assessing them, and RCT is more macro, and looking at relationships and their…
Since the relational cultural theory is based on the assumption that human were made to be in relationship with each other and when there are disconnections in relationships, it causes dissonance in people’s lives. This dissonance in relationships can be difficult to relieve because of the paradoxical nature of being known. To avoid being hurt or rejected by relationships, some people refrain from revealing all they truly are in relationships to protect themselves. Some people keep parts of themselves hidden to preserve what relationships they have even if that means that they will not truly be known because having a little bit of connection is better than the fear of not having any connection. This can create a downward spiral because they feel must hide their true feelings and therefore feel more misunderstood and more helpless. Therefore, this isolation actually keeps them from the connection and relationship that they desire. People experiencing this central relational paradox experience condemned isolation which is a feeling that they are not worth being known. This condemned isolation seems to be related to shame. Shame as described by Jordan (p100) is encompassing and immobilizing because one feels that there is an inherent defect that makes one unacceptable, unlovable and therefore shamed out of connection. Shame not only immobilizes but it also locks people into isolation. Many marginalized groups of people experience this shame because they believe that they innately are not worthy enough. In reality, they are innately worthy enough but it is the false viewpoints of those imposing that belief of unworthiness on them. Because they do not feel worthy of connection, they continue to refrain from being vulnerable and show who they truly are. This is also a self-protective strategy because if people don’t know someone’s true self then their true identity will not be hurt or rejected; only the false identity that they want others to perceive will be rejected.…
I think it is important to allow a client to feel confident in the ability and knowledge you have as a therapist, and using treatment that proven valid and affective does just this. As I have written this reflection, I have come to realize that while I remain neutral I see that the pros outweigh the cons. I think that it is a therapist’s job to do what is best for the client, and if that means providing assurance in their treatment; then it is imperative to use treatment that is supported by…
Co- Culture: The Co-Culture that I am a part of is a Student Government on a California Community College Campus. This Co-Culture has relation to the dominant American Culture by the Community College students.…
Research also also indicates this: More and more research studies(Luborsky et al., 1983; O’Malley et al. 1983; Bergin and Lambert 1978; Hill 1989) demonstrates that it is the relationship between the client and psychotherapist, more than any other factor which determines the effectiveness of psychotherapy. That is success in psychotherapy can best be predicted by the properties of the patient the psychotherapist and their particular relationship. Lambert, Michael J.; Barley, Dean E: Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, Vol 38(4), 2001, 357-361: Factors that influence client outcome can be divided into four areas: extra-therapeutic factors, expectancy effects, specific therapy techniques, and common factors. Common factors such as empathy, warmth, and the therapeutic relationship have been shown to correlate more highly with client outcome than specialized treatment interventions. The common factors most frequently studied have been the person-centred facilitative conditions (empathy, warmth, congruence) and the therapeutic alliance. Decades of research indicate that the provision of therapy is an interpersonal process in which a main curative component is the nature of the therapeutic relationship. Clinicians must remember that this is the foundation of our efforts to help others. The improvement of psychotherapy may best be…
In “The Elements of Moral Philosophy” James Rachels discusses the positives and negatives regarding the concept of cultural relativism, but his overall position is that cultural relativism is not a strong philosophy. On the flip side of that Immanuel Kant has a completely different ethical theory that is based around deontology. Despite its positives cultural relativism cannot be defended against Rachel’s criticism, but Kant’s ethical theory cannot necessarily defeat cultural relativism.…