Reproduction System
Symposis of General Embryology
Professor Adel K.AbdelMalek
MbChB,MsC,MMed,Ph.D
2013
CONTENTS
1 Intoduction 1
2 Gametogenesis 5 Spermatogenesis 6 Oogenesis 9
3 Female reproductive cycles 12 Ovarian cycle 12 Menstrual cycle 15
4 Fertilization 18 Contraceptive methods 20 Infertility 21 Cloning 23
5 Early embryonic development 24 Cleavage of zygote 24 Implantation 25 Bilaminar germ disc 27
6 Trilaminar embryo 29
7 Early tissue and organ differentiation 32 Folding of the embryo 34 Embryonic period 35 Fetal period 38 Procedures of assessing fetal status and growth 39
8 Fetal membranes 42 Amnion 42 Yolk sac 44 Allantois 45 Umbilical cord 45 Placenta 47 Parturition 51
9 Multiple pregnancy 52
10 Congenital malformations 57
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO EMBRYOLOGY
Definitions
Terminology
Developmental Period
Significance and Scope of Embryology
Review Questions
DEFINITIONS
Embryology is the study of embryos (G.embryon=is the early developing human). It refers to the prenatal development of embryos and fetuses. Developmental anatomy is concerned with the changes that cells, tissues, organs and the body as a whole undergo from germ cells to the adult.
Teratology (teratos=monester) is the division of embryology that deals with birth defects..
TERMINOLOGY
Oocyte (ovum, egg) is the female germ or sex cell produced in the ovaries.
Sperm (seed), Spermatozoon (zoon=animal) is the male germ cell produced in the testes.
Zygote (union) is the cell
Professor Adel K.AbdelMalek
MbChB,MsC,MMed,Ph.D
2013
CONTENTS
1 Intoduction 1
2 Gametogenesis 5 Spermatogenesis 6 Oogenesis 9
3 Female reproductive cycles 12 Ovarian cycle 12 Menstrual cycle 15
4 Fertilization 18 Contraceptive methods 20 Infertility 21 Cloning 23
5 Early embryonic development 24 Cleavage of zygote 24 Implantation 25 Bilaminar germ disc 27
6 Trilaminar embryo 29
7 Early tissue and organ differentiation 32 Folding of the embryo 34 Embryonic period 35 Fetal period 38 Procedures of assessing fetal status and growth 39
8 Fetal membranes 42 Amnion 42 Yolk sac 44 Allantois 45 Umbilical cord 45 Placenta 47 Parturition 51
9 Multiple pregnancy 52
10 Congenital malformations 57
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO EMBRYOLOGY
Definitions
Terminology
Developmental Period
Significance and Scope of Embryology
Review Questions
DEFINITIONS
Embryology is the study of embryos (G.embryon=is the early developing human). It refers to the prenatal development of embryos and fetuses. Developmental anatomy is concerned with the changes that cells, tissues, organs and the body as a whole undergo from germ cells to the adult.
Teratology (teratos=monester) is the division of embryology that deals with birth defects..
TERMINOLOGY
Oocyte (ovum, egg) is the female germ or sex cell produced in the ovaries.
Sperm (seed), Spermatozoon (zoon=animal) is the male germ cell produced in the testes.
Zygote (union) is the cell