Research Instruments
QUESTIONAIRE:
QUESTIONAIRE The most common instrument or tool of research for obtaining the data beyond the physical reach of the observer which, for ex. May be sent to human beings who are thousands of miles away or just around the corner.
Two Forms of Questionnaire :
Two Forms of Questionnaire Closed form / Closed-ended Open form / Open-ended
Closed-Ended Questions
• The respondents are given a list of predetermined responses from which to choose their answer
• The list of responses should include every possible response and the meaning of the responses should not overlap
• An example of a close-ended survey question would be, "Please rate how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statement: 'I feel good about my work on the job.' Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, neither agree nor disagree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree?"
• A Likert scale, which is used in the example above, is a commonly used set of responses for closed-ended questions
• Closed-ended questions are usually preferred in survey research because of the ease of counting the frequency of each response
Open-Ended Questions
Survey respondents are asked to answer each question in their own words
Responses are usually categorized into a smaller list of responses that can be counted by the study team for statistical analysis Such questions usually begin with a how, what, when, where, and why (such as "What factors you take into account when buying a vehicle?" or "In your opinion, what is the reasonable price for this item?") and provide qualitative instead of quantitative information. Open ended questions are asked generally during exploratory research and where statistical validity is not a prime objective.
Guidelines in Using the Questionnaire:
Guidelines in Using the Questionnaire Clarity of language Singleness of purpose Relevant to the objective of the study Correct grammar
Principles to consider in constructing Questionnaire: 1.
QUESTIONAIRE The most common instrument or tool of research for obtaining the data beyond the physical reach of the observer which, for ex. May be sent to human beings who are thousands of miles away or just around the corner.
Two Forms of Questionnaire :
Two Forms of Questionnaire Closed form / Closed-ended Open form / Open-ended
Closed-Ended Questions
• The respondents are given a list of predetermined responses from which to choose their answer
• The list of responses should include every possible response and the meaning of the responses should not overlap
• An example of a close-ended survey question would be, "Please rate how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statement: 'I feel good about my work on the job.' Do you strongly agree, somewhat agree, neither agree nor disagree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree?"
• A Likert scale, which is used in the example above, is a commonly used set of responses for closed-ended questions
• Closed-ended questions are usually preferred in survey research because of the ease of counting the frequency of each response
Open-Ended Questions
Survey respondents are asked to answer each question in their own words
Responses are usually categorized into a smaller list of responses that can be counted by the study team for statistical analysis Such questions usually begin with a how, what, when, where, and why (such as "What factors you take into account when buying a vehicle?" or "In your opinion, what is the reasonable price for this item?") and provide qualitative instead of quantitative information. Open ended questions are asked generally during exploratory research and where statistical validity is not a prime objective.
Guidelines in Using the Questionnaire:
Guidelines in Using the Questionnaire Clarity of language Singleness of purpose Relevant to the objective of the study Correct grammar
Principles to consider in constructing Questionnaire: 1.