Research Notes

TESTING A HYPOTHESIS
STEPS IN TESTING A HYPOTHESIS
Step 1 – Making Assumptions Two types of assumptions:
Assumptions that you know because you did it while conducting the research; and
Assumptions that you do not know - that is why you are conducting the test of statistics. This second assumption is your statement of the null and alternative hypothesis TYPES OF STATISTICAL HYPOTHESES
Null hypothesis. The null hypothesis, denoted by H0, is usually the hypothesis that sample observations result purely from chance.
Alternative hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1 or Ha, is the hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by some non-random cause.
Step 2 - Identifying a Sampling or Probability distribution
Step 3 – Establishing a level of significance and critical region
Step 4 – Calculate/compute the test
Step 5 – Make decisions
Step 6 – Conclusions

THE RESEARCH PROCESS
THE GOAL OF RESEARCH
1. BODY OF KNOWLEDGE (THEORIES)
2. GROWTH OF SCIENCE/FIELDS
3. INTILLECTUAL GROWTH
4. IMPROVE HUMAN CONDITIONS/DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
INVISTIGATION WITH A PURPOSE
STUDY OF A SOCIAL PROBLEM OR PROBLEMS FOLLOWING A SYSTEMATIC METHODS UNDER DELINEATED (CONTROLLED) CONDITIONS
ASSESSMENT OF CONDITIONS
COMPARISONS OF CONDITIONS

THE SOCIAL RESEARCH PROCESS STAGES OF SOCIAL RESEARCH
I. FORMULATION OF THEORIES
II. OPERATIONALIZATION
III. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS
IV. DATA COLLECTION
V. DATA ANALYSIS
VI. CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS I. FORMULATION OF THEORIES
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF THIS STAGE?
1. Statement of the research problems
2. Statement of the research objectives
3. Theoretical framework
4. Conceptual framework
5. Statement of hypothesis
6. Significance and limitations

II. OPERATIONALIZATION
WHAT ARE INVOLVED IN THIS STAGE?
1. HOW CONCEPTS IN THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OR RESEARCH PROBLEMS ARE MEASURED
2. DUMMY TABLES CONSTRUCTION
3