research paper

I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2012, 6, 46-52
Published Online June 2012 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/)
DOI: 10.5815/ijisa.2012.06.06

Touch-less Fingerprint Analysis — A Review and Comparison
Prabhjot Kaur
Dept. of Information Technology,
Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, GGSIP University, New Delhi, INDIA
Email: [e-mail]
Ankit Jain
Dept. of Information Technology,
Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, GGSIP University, New Delhi, INDIA
Email: [e-mail]
Sonia Mittal
Dept. of Information Technology,
Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, GGSIP University, New Delhi, INDIA
Email: [e-mail]

Abstract— Touch-less fingerprint recognition system is a reliable alternative to conventional touch-based fingerprint recognition system. Touch-less system is different from conventional system in the sense that they make use of digital camera to acquire the fingerprint image where as conventional system uses live-acquisition techniques.
The
conventional fingerprint systems are simple but they suffer from various problems such as hygienic, maintenance and latent fingerprints. In this paper we present a review of touch-less fingerprint recognition systems that use digital camera. We present some challenging problems that occur while developing the touch-less system.
These problems are low contrast between the ridge and the valley pattern on fingerprint image, non-uniform lighting, motion blurriness and defocus, due to less depth of field of digital camera. The touch-less fingerprint recognition system can be divided into three main modules: preprocessing, feature extraction and matching. Preprocessing is an important step prior to fingerprint feature extraction and matching. In this paper we put our more emphasis on preprocessing so that the drawbacks stated earlier can be removed.
Further preprocessing is divided into four parts: first is
normalization,

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