Sodium Bicarbonate is an electrolyte that can be used to treat dehydration, but its main use is to lower the PH of the blood. Before insulin and saline, Sodium bicarbonate was used to help treat diabetes. It can also be used to treat upset stomach or ulcer diseases because it neutralizes…
is added it drives the reaction to the reactant side. More nitric acid is produced, which is not a…
Sodium Benzoate is a common food preservative used in food products such as jams and jellies, soft drinks, pickles, condiments etc and in tinned products in the market. This experiment aimed to determine whether benzoic acid is formed from it’s superior soluble form sodium benzoate in stomach acid, which is simulated by HCl (pH=2). It has been seen that at a low optimum pH, i.e. in the presence of sufficient hydrochloric acid, sufficient benzoic acid is yielded. The percentage yield is determined from the calculations of the theoretical (stoichiometric) calculations and the actual yield from the reaction. Also throughout the experiment, some basic laboratory operations such as measuring mass and volume, separating solids from liquids by vacuum filtration and drying solids are familiarized with.…
hydrogen chloride has properties: Hydrogen chloride has one molecule of hydrogen and one molecule of chlorine: Hydrogen chloride has a very powerful smell. It is in the form of a gas but only when it is at room temperature which is approximately 25 Celsius and when the pressure is high. The solubility of hydrogen chloride is very high this means that it can dissolve in water quickly because it dissolves many times in its own solution (the gas form of hydrogen chloride). It is very soluble because the smaller the chain of the molecules are then the energy required in small quantities however if the chain is long then it will need more energy so that means that the longer chain will have a slow reaction and the longer the chain the chances…
In this experiment, methyl-m-nitrobenzoate, followed the electrophilic addition of aromatic ring, would be formed from the starting material methyl benzoate and nitric acid, under the catalysis of concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction between nitric acid and sulfuric acid resulted in the formation of nitronium ion NO2+. It then acted as strong electrophile that nitrated the benzene ring. After that, vacuum filtration and recrystallization were methods used to obtain the final product with minimal impurities. The mass of product…
wavelength Percentage concentration (methanol: water) Peak H value (height equivalent to a theoretical plate) (mm) 230nm 80:20 Phenol 0.0373 Benzophenone 0.0196 Naphthalene 0.0164 235nm 80:20 Phenol 0.0327 Benzophenone 0.0203 Naphthalene 0.0147 260nm 80:20 Phenol 0.0318 Benzophenone 0.0202 Naphthalene 0.0146 Figure 11: table for the height equivalent of the theoretical plates. It can be observed that the H values or height equivalent to a theoretical plate for phenol at the three wavelengths (230, 235, and 260nm) are all fairly similar, they are all around the 0.03mm mark (use of one significant figure), with all three H value being above 0.03mm. It can be seen in the results that the theoretical plate height decreases as the wavelength…
Is it true that carbonation and acids in soda can dissolve a T-bone pork? – http://www.todaysmodernwoman.com/Non-Alcoholic-Drinks/234090.htm…
As one of the strongest opiate drugs available, fentanyl used to help patients manage pain after a surgery, injury, or cancer diagnosis. At 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine, fentanyl excels at mitigating breakthrough pain, which occurs when someone who is already taking an opiate experiences temporary bouts of pain. However, since the drug is so strong, medical professionals need to administer it carefully to avoid undesired side effects and accidental overdoses.…
There are several hundred PAHs, which usually occur as complex mixtures rather than as individual compounds. Benzo (a) pyrene is the most widely studied, being one of the most potent, hence most of the data in this document refers to B(a)P, although it seldom occurs in the environment on its own. For the general public, the main route of exposure to PAHs is from inhalation of ambient and indoor air or ingestion of food. Inhalation and skin absorption are the main routes of occupational exposure. Benzo(a)pyrene is readily absorbed following inhalation, ingestion and skin exposure. Following inhalation and ingestion, B(a)P is rapidly distributed to several tissues in rats, including the kidney, small intestine, trachea, stomach, testes, liver and oesophagus.…
Chloroform also known as trichloromethane, had been in use as an anesthetic since 1861 when the American Civil War. Chloroform quickly became the favorite for military doctors because it was non-flammable and it took action quickly. Chloroform was first made in 1831 by American chemist Dr. Samuel Guthrie,whose intention was to create a cheap pesticide. It was first used as an anesthetic in 1847 by a Scottish physician named Sir James Young Simpson. Doctors were all for the use of Chloroform, but patients weren’t all too thrilled with the idea of “being put to sleep”, which caused them to hyperventilate or hold their breath and get a concentrated lungful. This could lead to cardiac arrest and death. Using Chloroform was “as safe as ice skating or…
Over many years the abuse of Heroin has been known, but now the epidemic is out of control and many are dying daily. Heroin is a substance that is synthesized from morphine, and extracted from the poppy seed plant. The opium poppy has been refined for more than five thousand years for a variety of medicinal uses. When heroin was first created it was used as a cough syrup and pain killer. At first people believe it would help with morphine and opium addiction but then doctors realized people were becoming addicted to heroin. Heroin was first synthesized in 1874, and then marketed by the Beyer Company in Germany in 1898 until 1910. Beyer exported Heroin to more that 23 countries in 1899. In 1914 the Harrison Act was passed, and it was the aggressively enforced that all Physicians, who were prescribing drugs to addicts would be punished. Between 1915 and 1938 over five thousand physicians were found guilt for violating the Harrison Act. The modern drug war started in the 1960s and continues today with no success in combating the epidemic on drugs.…
A central nervous system depressant is known, as a benzodiazepine that is related to Rohypnol. This drug is about ten times more potent than Valium. Rohypnol is one of the many drugs, tranquilizers with the potent sedative drug of the benzodiazepine class. The medical use of rohypnol is in a pre-operation anesthetic or a very strong sleeping pill, but anything stronger can bring on amnesia. This drug takes effect 10 minutes after the medication in taking. Within a peak of eight hours the medication can have the person fully unconscious. Rohypnol can come in a tasteless and odorless pill that can be grounded into powder. This date rate drug has been connected to many different occasions of sexual assaults because this pill can act in a fast…
Clonidine: This medication is a generic drug used to treat high blood pressure, but it has also been shown effective in treating opiate withdrawal symptoms.●Naltrexone: This drug also blocks the ability of an opiate to affect receptors in the brain●Naltrexone: This drug also blocks the ability of an opiate to affect receptors in the brain. It can be beneficial in preventing relapse, though it has little effect on withdrawal symptoms and therefore should not be used during the withdrawal process, but rather as a safeguard against further use of…
The medication is commonly used to for the treatment of allergies coming from the environment, insect bites or stings, and even as a pre-treatment for possible vaccine reactions. It can also help relieve watery eyes and runny nose. In addition, Benadryl for dogs has been proven effective to prevent motion sickness and also acts as a mild sedative. Though it is not yet approved by the Food and Drug Administration to be used in animals, it is considered safe by many vets as long as it is used correctly.…
Acetic acid – Formed when airborne bacteria interacts with fermented products (beer, wine, etc.). It is what makes vinegar sour to the taste.…