Top-Rated Free Essay
Preview

researching

Powerful Essays
1675 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
researching
ethnicity is the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common nationality or culture tradition (oxford dictionary).different researchers has researched about ethnicity in different ways using different methods and getting different result. It therefore the purpose of this essay to review ways in which different researchers have conductive their research.
To start with the topic idea for researchers is different in way that they approach it in their research.reseachers such as Harris and findley had their research basing on the topic is ethnicity identifiable lessons from an experiment in south Africa. This shows that they conducted their research in the country South Africa only.thier theory was individuals identify more strongly with their own group when they have a more salient connection to it as well as feelings to superiority towards another group. (Blascovich et al 1997, tayfel and tunner 1979, 1986, horowitz 1998).according to yinger “tendency to exaggerate the salience of ethnic identities to overlook the strong pressure towards assimilation. “They gave an example of the Hutus who believed that the Tutsi where taller, lighter skinned and have a narrow nose than theirs. They further created hypothesis using their theory that a stronger ethnic is more likely to successfully identify others than a weaker ethnic. On this they base that individuals identify others using information such as names, languages and accent. This was supported by lei roie Jones according to him,’........... Their customs, attitudes and desire are shaped in different life ...............”this shows that they are able to identify themselves. They had another hypothesis stating that a stronger ethnic is more likely to successfully identify others than a weaker ethnic given more true information about a person’s ethnic identity. According to davenport and stum 2009during the Rwandan genocide some Tutsi attempted to pass as Hutus to avoid being killed.
Still more in this research the authors used an experimental design as their method thru which they conducted a subject through posters advertisement. During this they provided questionnaires .they conducted the research in the large township of mayibuya in South Africa in Eastern Cape. With this research they were able to conclude that stronger ethnic identity can increase one’s ability to identify the ethnicity of others correctly.
In this search they used the triangulation approach for they used more than one method for data collection. It was a qualitative research because it first gives us a theory and then go into the field for checking the applicabity of the theory if it can be applied in the real world .it is also quantitative for statistic were used for the results and numbers were provided. This shows that the research is both inductive and deductive research. It is also a descriptive research. The researcher uses the topic as ethnicity as cognition which is different in approach. This topic provides cognitive perspective providing resources for conceptualising ethnicity race and nation as perspective on the world rather than entities in the world. A cognitive approach to the study of ethnicity directs our attention not to individual psychology but sociomental. According to the author the discursive approach, in contrast, treats talk and texts ... as forms of social action. Categorization is something we do, in talk, in order to accomplish social actions (persuasion, blaming, denials, reputations, accusations, etc.). From this perspective, we would expect language’s ‘‘resources’’ not to come ready-made from a process in which people are trying their best to understand the world [as in the cognitive approach] ... but rather, or at least additionally, to be shaped for their functions in talk, for the business of doing situated social actions. Comparing with the first it is different in the sense that the first researchers did their research only on one country hence their research differ because here the author is basing on the world to find his conclusion. Their theory is on as long as ethnic groups were convinced as substantial objectively definable entities there was no reason to categorise or classification.
In this research the authors used a method of observation which is different from the first researchers they approach was an imperial researcher where here he identified how cognation and how it can be done. He grouped the cognitive perspective from categories to schemas. The researcher considered categorisation as a political project and an everyday social practice. George Lakoff put it “the is nothing more basic than categorisation to our thought ,perception ,action and speech. He went on to suggest the use of stereotypes. According to the author stereotypes are no longer defined in terms of cognitive deficiencies so he introduces social catergorisation. This shows the the author is using different types of approach in finding this research topic.
In his conclusion he concluded that cognitive perspectives can also advance the constructivist agenda by correcting for the elites bias of must constructivist research. His conclusion is different from others because he gives us an over view of ethnicity as cognition. He finalised that the cognitive perspective can help realize the constructivist aspiration to capture the relations and dynamics nature of race and ethnicity and nation as a fluid and cogent product of reiterative cumulative process of categorising, coding, framing, interpreting .he suggest that cognitive approach asks us whom, when and why people interpreted social experiences in racial ethnic or national terms. Like the second author he uses a quantitative approach.
More still the author differ in the way the handle the research gbewonyo used the word in different perspective which is different from the first and the second author. He used his research on using the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding Method (BISG) to create a working classification on race and ethnicity in a diverse managed care population ;a validation study. Geocoding involves using a plan members to identify geographic areas where they live (Fiscella and Fremont ).his objective to validate classification of race or ethnicity based on gender and age. Krieger Williams denotes that researchers routinely use geocoding to identify demographic characteristics of populated area and as a means targeting vulnerable population or estimates effects of sociodemographic characteristics on health when individual levels data are unavailable. in this article the researcher used observation for his study using the Kaiser Permanente s research geography. They also used statistical methods which is a different approach from the first two researchers. According to fiscally and Fremont geocoding and surname analysis show promise for estimating race or ethnicity health plan composition of enrolle when direct data on major racial and ethnic groups are lacking.this is a quantitave research articles tfor the provide a statistics and have a generalised ideas.they differ in conclusion in the sense that it gives us an over view of the BISG.according to Elliot etal (2009) because of the different validation methods they are nonetheless comparable intheir findings of high correlation of the haspanic and asia they give an out come that there is a slight dender differences in validity is supported in the literature on BISG (Elliot et al )as well as othe r application of the indirect estimation of ethnicity involves surname analysis (howard etal).unlike others this research article is a descriptive research.however accuracy depended on racial segregation levels in the population and region assesd and geocoding was unreliable for identifying hispans and Asians.simialry ,several studies suggest surname analysis produce reasonable estimates of whether enrolle hipsans or Asian and can identify disparts.fiscella and Fremont notes that as a practical matter no method for obtainining race and ethnicity data can be entirely accurate or biased

also another researcher used the same key word but creat e different topic which is different from the other researcher.stayman used a different dimention which is situational ethnicity and consumer behaviorc.consumer behaviouris the decision that people make to nbuy or not buy a product and the thing thatinfluence ther deceision (Cambridge online dictictionary).he argues that the relationship between ethnicityare consumption is argued to be the situanal context in which choices are made.in his study he wants to demonstrate these effects by showing the impact of two situational dimension ,socal suroundings and antecedent conditions on ethnic food choices.
The researcher suggested that ethnic identification aand behaviour is at least partly situationaly determined.that sis ethnicity is not just who one is but how one feels in asnd about particular situation.he constructed four hypothesis that a combination of self designated ethnicity iantecedent state .,social surroundings and prioduct type effect beha iour ,self disgnated ethnicity and antecedent state combine to influence felt ethnicity is a better predictor of behaviour than either self designated ethnicity or non situational specific felt ethnicityand the felt ethnicity behaviour relationship is moderate by the social surroundings and the moderate by the social suurounding and the product type being considered .
He used design methods .the hpothesiose were tested using a four factor mixed effectsdesign(keppl 1982pp 452-463)subjects were recruited from a two sourcer.they used sampling methods using a theory based on the concerns of internal validity and need for a homogeneous population.this articles shows us independnant variales which werethe subject self designated ethnicity and antecedent stae ,social su=ituation and food type.the research is mainly based on the Chinese and the Mexican –American.the sample included 195 anglo americans ,54 chinese American and 57mexican amwrican from the three nitety five original subject the dependent variables were felt ethnicity was assesd through subject self rated strength of ethnic identification (dishpande et al 1986)
They produced the results using the samples the y had used in the experiment .the author also testes each and every hypothesis from the model he had created. He concluded that the research discovered that consistent support for the effect of social surrounding on choice by ethnic groups .they also found evidence for situational determined felt ethnicity .Chinese and Mexican subjects in relevant bias conditions increased their strength of ethnic identification it gives us a general idea for the researcher points that more work remains to be done to identify whether and the self-notion applies to consumption situation. The researcher used both inductive and deductive approach for the research

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    With this background in mind, the authors then discuss the ethnicity paradigm and the phases it underwent throughout…

    • 553 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    A difficulty of studying ethnicity is deciding who is included in an ethnic group, whether by continent, country, religion, etc……

    • 1284 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Being raised in a community where people “share certain beliefs, values, habits, customs, and norms because of their common ground” (textbook, p. 372) from rest of the world, I consider myself an ethnic person. I grew up in Nepal in which learned customs and traditions through enculturation therefore I have different native language and culture than ethnic Hispanic or white. The language and culture distinguish…

    • 65 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Berthoud modood and smith (1997) define ethnic group as follows: a community whose heritage offers important characteristics in common between its members and which makes them distinct from other communities. There is a boundary, which separates ‘us’ from ‘them’, and the distinction would probably be recognized on both sides of that boundary. Ethnicity is a multi-faceted phenomenon based on physical appearance, subjective identification, cultural and religious affiliation, stereotyping, and social exclusion.…

    • 2725 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Research

    • 1751 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. New York, NY: Arthur A. Levine, 2007. Print.…

    • 1751 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    research

    • 304 Words
    • 2 Pages

    CountryManager explores the modes of market entry, segmentation, and targeting, and the 4Ps in an international context. This simulation provides valuable experience for marketing students who wish to explore the launch of a product into a new country. We now have two scenarios available for two different regions, Latin America or Asia:…

    • 304 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    research

    • 261 Words
    • 2 Pages

    which meets in BA1 107 on M 6:00 - 8:50 PM on a first come basis.…

    • 261 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Research

    • 650 Words
    • 3 Pages

    If acceptance is achieved through similarity, then is the road to acceptance worth getting lost on; is acceptance worth losing ourselves? A person’s individuality is what makes them who they are, but what about those who aren’t happy with who they are? If a transition between permanent happiness and cheap bursts of it exists, then what compels people to sacrifice their identity for the identity of someone, or something they’re not? Amy Tan’s essay “Fish Cheeks” explains the difficulty of deciphering where the determinant lies between fitting in and forgetting who we are. The main question is: “Is fitting in worth it?”…

    • 650 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Research

    • 2099 Words
    • 9 Pages

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often referred to as "Lou Gehrig's Disease," has taken the lives of hundreds of thousands since Lou Gehrig was diagnosed with the disease in 1939. Support groups have been established to help those who have been affected by Amyotrophic lateral scleriosis. Medicine has been discovered to help with the pain and prolong the lives of those suffering with the disease. Amyotrophic lateral scleriosis, famously known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, takes thousands of lives every year with no warning and no cure.…

    • 2099 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Ethnicity Vs Race

    • 85 Words
    • 1 Page

    The discussion about whether race or ethnicity is the better term has been a controversial topic for years. Both of these terms are related to where an individual comes from and their identity. However, there is a difference in the two terms which will be later explored. In this essay the terms of ethnicity and race will be analysed, to see what the difference is between the definitions of race and ethnicity, as well as learning if one term is more favourable over the other.…

    • 85 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Researching

    • 379 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Choose a topic that you have personal and/or first-hand knowledge/experience through taking care of /living with a parent/child/family member/friend with…

    • 379 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Ethnicity and race has had a big influence on peoples' every day life choices. In some way or another, most people will be judged according to their color of their skin or their ethnic background. We live in a society full of different races and cultures affecting the way we interact with each other, as well as influencing our views on equality and differences among the many different races in our society. Often influential media groups and social standards shape our beliefs, also affecting how we interact with cultures different from our own, and how various groups interact with each other. Race and ethnicity may be defined as a type of grouping or classification based on a persons origin of birth and includes their racial appearance, language, religion and culture. Ethnicity can be defined as a social construction that indicates identification with a particular group who share common cultural traits, such as language, religion and traditions.…

    • 806 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Race and ethnicity are interconnected but has separate concepts that are often used interchangeable. Race and ethnicity both goes hand in hand. One might say they even complement each other. They have many differences and some similarities. Ethnic identity refers to an identification with, and feeling part of a group based on shared beliefs and practices that can include (but is not limited to) values, language, culture, religion, cultures, religion etc. Race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics. Those physical characteristics normally comes from genes. Racial categories are said to be derived from early attempts by evolutionary scientist and anthropologists to develop a type of system to account for human diversity. Today, some racial categories are used in the most negative way. Race is more often a…

    • 326 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Vice President

    • 558 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Ethnicity defines the background of a particular person or thing. This term encompasses many backgrounds and associations. Foods can be “ethnic” if they originate or are commonly consumed in a specific country or region. The same applies to human beings.…

    • 558 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    research

    • 1746 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Red Bull is one of the biggest soft drink successes over the past the years. Red Bull improves emotional status and vigilance, increases performance, reaction speed and concentration. Customers drink Red Bull for such benefits as these. In times of long school hours, stressful work, and very tiring days, customers look to a product that vitalizes body and mind. Red Bull even supplies a sugar free version for the average health-concerned user.…

    • 1746 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays