Respiratory System: Questions And Answers
Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1)
The conducting passageways of the respiratory system include all of the following structures EXCEPT:
B) alveoli 2)
Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves:
2)
_______ A) irregular breathing B) extremely fast breathing C) extremely deep breathing D) extremely slow breathing E) intermittent breathing 3)
Which one of the following is NOT true of inspiration:
3)
_______ A) contraction of the diaphragm muscle helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity B) the decreased gas pressure produces a partial vacuum that …show more content…
forcibly sucks air in C) relaxation of the external intercostal muscles helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity D) air continues to move into the lungs until intrapulmonary pressure equals atmospheric pressure E) increased intrapulmonary volume causes inhaled gases to spread out 4)
Which one of the following is NOT true of the pleurae:
4)
_______ A) they produce sticky mucus B) they glide easily against each other but resist being pulled apart C) pleurisy can be caused by decreased secretion of pleural fluid D) they produce a slippery serous secretion E) they usually cling together 5)
Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by:
5)
_______ A) passive transport B) osmosis C) facilitated diffusion D) active transport E) simple diffusion 6)
The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the skin and mucosa is called:
6)
B) cyanosis 7)
Cilia of the trachea that beat continually propel contaminated mucus:
7)
_______ A) toward the glottis to be hiccupped out B) toward the nose to be sneezed out C) toward the epiglottis to be coughed out D) toward the lungs to be encapsulated E) toward the throat to be swallowed or spat out 8)
The molecule that prevents lung collapse by lowering the surface tension of the water film lining each alveolar sac is called:
8)
_______ A) fibrosin B) resorbin C) surfactant D) lecithin E) renin 9)
Emphysema results in all of the following EXCEPT:
9)
_______ A) expanded barrel chest B) lung fibrosis C) enlarged alveoli D) moon face E) decreased lung elasticity 10)
The auditory tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the:
10)
nasopharynx C)
Which one of the following bones does NOT contain paranasal sinuses:
11)
D) mandible The lipid molecule critical to lung function that coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces is called:
12)
______ A) lecithin B) surfactant C) renin D) interferon E) kinin 13)
The walls of the alveoli are composed largely of:
13)
______ A) pseudostratified epithelium B) simple squamous epithelium C) simple cuboidal epithelium D) stratified squamous epithelium E) stratified cuboidal epithelium 14)
The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions EXCEPT:
14)
______ A) humidify air B) allow air to reach the lungs C) exchange gases D) warm incoming air E) purify air 15)
Which one of the following terms does not apply to the nose:
15)
______ A) nasal septum B) nasal cavity C) nasopharynx D) nostrils E) external nares 16)
Which of the following functions do cilia of the nasal mucosa perform on contaminated mucus:
16)
______ A) move the mucus toward the nares to be sneezed out B) move the mucus toward the pharynx for swallowing C) move the mucus toward the nasal septum to be absorbed D) move the mucus toward the mouth to be spit out E) move the mucus toward the trachea to be coughed out 17)
Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory zone:
17)
______ A) primary bronchi B) alveolar ducts C) respiratory bronchioles D) alveoli E) alveolar sacs 18)
Air moving in and out of the lungs is called:
18)
______ A) inspiration B) pulmonary ventilation C) external respiration D) expiration E) internal respiration 19)
A very deep inspiration that ventilates all alveoli is:
19)
______ A) coughing B) sneezing C) yawning D) crying E) hiccupping 20)
Most carbon dioxide is transported within blood plasma as:
20)
______ A) oxyhemoglobin B) carbohemoglobin C) carbonic acid D) hydrogen ion E) bicarbonate ion 21)
Which one of the following is NOT true of expiration:
21)
______ A) normal pressure within the pleural space is always negative B) intrapulmonary volume increases when the lungs recoil C) gas flows out to equalize inside and outside the lungs D) intrapulmonary volume decreases when the rib cage descends E) it is normally a passive process during rest 22)
Which one of the following is NOT a feature of COPD:
22)
______ A) most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD B) most patients have a history of smoking C) dyspnea becomes progressively more severe D) frequent pulmonary infections are common E) most COPD victims are hypoxic 23)
Which one of the following are currently the most damaging and disabling respiratory diseases in the U.S.:
23)
______ A) lung cancer and asthma B) tuberculosis and pneumonia C) asthma and tuberculosis D)
COPD and lung cancer E) tuberculosis and COPD 24)
Vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of the:
24)
______ A) glottis B) true vocal cords C) complete voice box D) epiglottis E) false vocal cords 25)
The abbreviation IRDS stands for:
25)
______ A) intermittent respiratory distress state B) intermittent respiratory disease syndrome C) infant respiratory distress syndrome D) infant respiratory disease state E) infant respiratory disease syndrome 26)
Adenoids located high in the nasopharynx are also called the:
26)
______ A) buccal tonsils B) lingual tonsils C) palatine tonsils D) submandibular tonsils E) pharyngeal tonsils 27)
The respiratory movement representing the total amount of exchangeable air is the:
27)
______ A) vital capacity B) tidal volume C) expiratory reserve volume D) dead space volume E) inspiratory reserve volume 28)
Internal respiration is:
28)
______ A) gas exchange between the tissue cells and alveoli B) gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells C) gas exchange between the alveoli and capillaries D) gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and the alveoli E) gas exchange between the outside air and lungs 29)
Surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by:
29)
______ A)
22-24 weeks of pregnancy B)
28-30 weeks of pregnancy C)
26-28 weeks of pregnancy D)
20-22 weeks of pregnancy E)
24-26 weeks of pregnancy 30)
The amount of air remaining in the lungs even after the greatest possible expiratory effort is the:
30)
______ A) tidal volume B) expiratory reserve volume C) residual volume D) vital capacity E) dead space volume 31)
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by:
31)
______ A) both the hard and soft palate B) the nasal conchae C) both the nasal conchae and hard palate D) the hard palate E) the soft palate 32)
Hyperventilation leads to all of the following EXCEPT:
32)
______ A) cyanosis B) build up of carbon dioxide in the blood C) dizziness D) fainting E) brief periods of apnea 33)
Which one of the following is NOT true of lung cancer:
33)
______ A) its incidence is currently increasing B) it is generally more prevalent in males than females C) it accounts for one-third of all cancer deaths in the U.S. D) lung cancers often metastasize rapidly and widely E) most types of lung cancer are very aggressive 34)
Which one of the following is NOT true of the lungs:
34)
______ A) the bases rest on the diaphragm B) both lungs have two lobes C) the left lung has two lobes D) the narrower portion of each lung is called the apex E) the right lung has three lobes 35)
The homeostatic imbalance associated with the death of many full-term newborn infants is called:
35)
______ A)
CF
B)
SIDS
C)
IRDS
D)
COPD
E)
CTRL
36)
Which one of the following is NOT a factor influencing respiratory rate and depth:
36)
______ A) emotional factors B) enzymatic factors C) volition D) levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide E) physical exercise 37)
Which one of the following does NOT apply to the right main (primary) bronchus:
37)
______ A) it is the more common site for an inhaled object to become lodged B) it is shorter than the left bronchus C) it is wider than the left bronchus D) it is narrower than the left bronchus E) it is straighter than the left bronchus 38)
Which one of the following is NOT true of cystic fibrosis:
38)
______ A) it causes oversecretion of thick mucus that clogs the respiratory passages B) it is the most common lethal genetic disease in the U.S.
C) it impairs food digestion D) it is rarely fatal E) it causes sweat glands to produce an extremely salty perspiration 39)
An emotionally-induced response during which air movement is similar to crying is:
39)
______ A) sneezing B) coughing C) laughing D) yawning E) hiccupping SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 40)
The external nares (nostrils) are indicated by letter __________.
40)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 41)
Middle ear infections that often follow a sore throat or other type of pharyngeal infection are called __________.
41)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 42)
The pharynx is indicated by letter __________.
42)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 43)
A procedure in which air within the lungs is used to forcibly expel an obstructing piece of food to avoid suffocation is called the __________.
43)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 44)
The apex of the right lung is indicated by letter __________.
44)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 45)
Air that remains in the conducting zone passageways and never reaches the alveoli is called the __________.
45)
____________ 46)
Respiratory capacities are measured with a __________.
46)
____________ 47)
The smallest conducting passageways of the lungs are called __________.
47)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 48)
The trachea is indicated by letter __________.
48)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 49)
A lung that is collapsed to the point where it is ineffective for ventilation is known as __________.
49)
____________ 50)
The three mucosa-covered projections into the nasal cavity that greatly increase surface area of mucosa exposed to air are called __________.
50)
____________ 51)
The tracheal wall always remains __________ (open) in spite of pressure changes that occur during breathing.
51)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 52)
The larynx is indicated by letter __________.
52)
____________ 53)
The oral cavity is indicated by letter __________.
53)
____________ 54)
The diaphragm muscle is indicated by letter __________.
54)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 55)
An abnormal bubbling sound caused by diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus is called __________.
55)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 56)
The right primary bronchus is indicated by letter __________.
56)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 57)
A normal respiratory rate of about 12-15 breaths per minute is called __________.
57)
____________ 58)
The central area between the two lungs that houses the heart, great blood vessels, bronchi, and esophagus is called the __________.
58)
____________ 59)
The mucosa-lined windpipe that extends from the larynx to the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra is called the __________.
59)
____________ 60)
"Dust cells" that wander in and out of the alveoli, picking up bacteria, carbon particles, and other debris, are actually __________.
60)
____________ 61)
A mechanism that clears the upper respiratory passages, which is similar to a cough except that the expelled air is directed through the nasal cavities instead of the oral cavity, is called a __________.
61)
____________ 62)
Inflammation of the sinuses that can cause marked changes in voice quality is called __________.
62)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 63)
The nasal cavity is indicated by the letter __________.
63)
____________ 64)
The base of the right lung is indicated by letter __________.
64)
____________ TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 65)
Inspiration by the diaphragm muscle is regulated by the phrenic nerves.
65)
______ 66)
The larynx serves as a passageway for both food and air.
66)
______ 67)
Wheezing is a whistling sound associated with diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus.
67)
______ 68)
The presence of air in the intrapleural space that disrupts the fluid bond between the pleura is referred to as hemothorax.
68)
______ 69)
The larynx routes air and food into their proper channel and plays an important role in speech production.
69)
______ 70)
According to the laws of diffusion, movement of a respiratory gas occurs toward the area of higher concentration of that particular respiratory gas.
70)
______ 71)
Labored, deep breathing, often referred to as "air hunger," is called dyspnea.
71)
______ 72)
Sudden inspirations resulting from spasms of the diaphragm are hiccups.
72)
______ 73)
The respiratory membrane is the air-blood barrier, where gases are exchanged.
73)
______ 74)
The faulty gene associated with cystic fibrosis codes for the CFTR protein, which controls the flow of chloride in and out of cells.
74)
______ 75)
The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal tidal expiration is the residual volume.
75)
______ 76)
The general term for inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues regardless of the cause is called hypoxia.
76)
______ 77)
Inflammation of the pleura is often caused by decreased secretion of pleural fluid called pleurisy.
77)
______ 78)
The "guardian of the airways" that prevents food from entering the superior opening of the larynx is the thyroid cartilage.
78)
______ 79)
The lungs of the fetus are filled with air late in pregnancy.
79)
______ 80)
Asthma is associated with narrowing of the respiratory passageways by spasms of the bronchioles.
80)
______ 81)
The emergency surgical opening of the trachea is called a tracheostomy.
81)
______ 82)
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa by cold viruses and various antigens is called rhinitis.
82)
______ MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity: 83)
Total amount of exchangeable air
A)
conducting zone volume
83)
______ 84)
Air that enters the respiratory tract and remains within the conducting zone passageways
B)
dead space volume
84)
______ C) vital capacity D) tidal volume Match the following mechanism with its associated nonrespiratory movement: 85)
Sudden inspirations resulting from spasms of the diaphragm
A)
yawning
85)
______ B) hiccupping Match the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity: 86)
Amount of air that can be inhaled forcibly over the tidal volume
A)
inspiratory reserve volume
86)
______ B) residual volume Match the following mechanism with its associated nonrespiratory movement: 87)
Primarily an emotionally induced mechanism that involves release of air in a number of short breaths, similar to laughing
A)
laughing
87)
______ B) yawning 88)
An emotionally induced response that produces air movements similar to crying
C)
crying
88)
______ D) coughing Match the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity: 89)
Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal tidal expiration
A)
residual volume
89)
______ B) expiratory reserve volume Match the following mechanism with its associated nonrespiratory movement: 90)
Blast of upward rushing air that clears the lower respiratory passageways
A)
throat-clearing
90)
______ B) coughing Match the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity: 91)
Sum total of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume
A)
residual volume
91)
______ B) total lung capacity 92)
Normal, quiet breathing which moves approximately 500 mL of air per breath
C)
vital capacity
92)
______ D) tidal volume 93)
Air that remains in the lungs even after the most strenuous expiration
E)
dead space volume
93)
______ Match the following mechanism with its associated nonrespiratory movement: 94)
Involves using the uvula to close the oral cavity off from the pharynx in order to clear the upper respiratory passages
A)
coughing
94)
______ B) hiccupping 95)
A very deep inspiration formerly believed to be triggered by low oxygen
C)
sneezing
95)
______ D) yawning ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 96)
Identify the two pleural membranes and describe them under normal and disease conditions. 97)
Explain the structure and function of the respiratory membrane. 98)
Describe some of the major and minor effects of smoking on the human body. 99)
List the three regions of the pharynx and identify their relative superior and inferior endpoints in the respiratory passageway. 100)
Identify and describe the four distinct events that are collectively called respiration.
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1)
The conducting passageways of the respiratory system include all of the following structures EXCEPT:
B) alveoli 2)
Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves:
2)
_______ A) irregular breathing B) extremely fast breathing C) extremely deep breathing D) extremely slow breathing E) intermittent breathing 3)
Which one of the following is NOT true of inspiration:
3)
_______ A) contraction of the diaphragm muscle helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity B) the decreased gas pressure produces a partial vacuum that …show more content…
forcibly sucks air in C) relaxation of the external intercostal muscles helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity D) air continues to move into the lungs until intrapulmonary pressure equals atmospheric pressure E) increased intrapulmonary volume causes inhaled gases to spread out 4)
Which one of the following is NOT true of the pleurae:
4)
_______ A) they produce sticky mucus B) they glide easily against each other but resist being pulled apart C) pleurisy can be caused by decreased secretion of pleural fluid D) they produce a slippery serous secretion E) they usually cling together 5)
Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by:
5)
_______ A) passive transport B) osmosis C) facilitated diffusion D) active transport E) simple diffusion 6)
The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the skin and mucosa is called:
6)
B) cyanosis 7)
Cilia of the trachea that beat continually propel contaminated mucus:
7)
_______ A) toward the glottis to be hiccupped out B) toward the nose to be sneezed out C) toward the epiglottis to be coughed out D) toward the lungs to be encapsulated E) toward the throat to be swallowed or spat out 8)
The molecule that prevents lung collapse by lowering the surface tension of the water film lining each alveolar sac is called:
8)
_______ A) fibrosin B) resorbin C) surfactant D) lecithin E) renin 9)
Emphysema results in all of the following EXCEPT:
9)
_______ A) expanded barrel chest B) lung fibrosis C) enlarged alveoli D) moon face E) decreased lung elasticity 10)
The auditory tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the:
10)
nasopharynx C)
Which one of the following bones does NOT contain paranasal sinuses:
11)
D) mandible The lipid molecule critical to lung function that coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces is called:
12)
______ A) lecithin B) surfactant C) renin D) interferon E) kinin 13)
The walls of the alveoli are composed largely of:
13)
______ A) pseudostratified epithelium B) simple squamous epithelium C) simple cuboidal epithelium D) stratified squamous epithelium E) stratified cuboidal epithelium 14)
The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions EXCEPT:
14)
______ A) humidify air B) allow air to reach the lungs C) exchange gases D) warm incoming air E) purify air 15)
Which one of the following terms does not apply to the nose:
15)
______ A) nasal septum B) nasal cavity C) nasopharynx D) nostrils E) external nares 16)
Which of the following functions do cilia of the nasal mucosa perform on contaminated mucus:
16)
______ A) move the mucus toward the nares to be sneezed out B) move the mucus toward the pharynx for swallowing C) move the mucus toward the nasal septum to be absorbed D) move the mucus toward the mouth to be spit out E) move the mucus toward the trachea to be coughed out 17)
Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory zone:
17)
______ A) primary bronchi B) alveolar ducts C) respiratory bronchioles D) alveoli E) alveolar sacs 18)
Air moving in and out of the lungs is called:
18)
______ A) inspiration B) pulmonary ventilation C) external respiration D) expiration E) internal respiration 19)
A very deep inspiration that ventilates all alveoli is:
19)
______ A) coughing B) sneezing C) yawning D) crying E) hiccupping 20)
Most carbon dioxide is transported within blood plasma as:
20)
______ A) oxyhemoglobin B) carbohemoglobin C) carbonic acid D) hydrogen ion E) bicarbonate ion 21)
Which one of the following is NOT true of expiration:
21)
______ A) normal pressure within the pleural space is always negative B) intrapulmonary volume increases when the lungs recoil C) gas flows out to equalize inside and outside the lungs D) intrapulmonary volume decreases when the rib cage descends E) it is normally a passive process during rest 22)
Which one of the following is NOT a feature of COPD:
22)
______ A) most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD B) most patients have a history of smoking C) dyspnea becomes progressively more severe D) frequent pulmonary infections are common E) most COPD victims are hypoxic 23)
Which one of the following are currently the most damaging and disabling respiratory diseases in the U.S.:
23)
______ A) lung cancer and asthma B) tuberculosis and pneumonia C) asthma and tuberculosis D)
COPD and lung cancer E) tuberculosis and COPD 24)
Vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of the:
24)
______ A) glottis B) true vocal cords C) complete voice box D) epiglottis E) false vocal cords 25)
The abbreviation IRDS stands for:
25)
______ A) intermittent respiratory distress state B) intermittent respiratory disease syndrome C) infant respiratory distress syndrome D) infant respiratory disease state E) infant respiratory disease syndrome 26)
Adenoids located high in the nasopharynx are also called the:
26)
______ A) buccal tonsils B) lingual tonsils C) palatine tonsils D) submandibular tonsils E) pharyngeal tonsils 27)
The respiratory movement representing the total amount of exchangeable air is the:
27)
______ A) vital capacity B) tidal volume C) expiratory reserve volume D) dead space volume E) inspiratory reserve volume 28)
Internal respiration is:
28)
______ A) gas exchange between the tissue cells and alveoli B) gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells C) gas exchange between the alveoli and capillaries D) gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and the alveoli E) gas exchange between the outside air and lungs 29)
Surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by:
29)
______ A)
22-24 weeks of pregnancy B)
28-30 weeks of pregnancy C)
26-28 weeks of pregnancy D)
20-22 weeks of pregnancy E)
24-26 weeks of pregnancy 30)
The amount of air remaining in the lungs even after the greatest possible expiratory effort is the:
30)
______ A) tidal volume B) expiratory reserve volume C) residual volume D) vital capacity E) dead space volume 31)
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by:
31)
______ A) both the hard and soft palate B) the nasal conchae C) both the nasal conchae and hard palate D) the hard palate E) the soft palate 32)
Hyperventilation leads to all of the following EXCEPT:
32)
______ A) cyanosis B) build up of carbon dioxide in the blood C) dizziness D) fainting E) brief periods of apnea 33)
Which one of the following is NOT true of lung cancer:
33)
______ A) its incidence is currently increasing B) it is generally more prevalent in males than females C) it accounts for one-third of all cancer deaths in the U.S. D) lung cancers often metastasize rapidly and widely E) most types of lung cancer are very aggressive 34)
Which one of the following is NOT true of the lungs:
34)
______ A) the bases rest on the diaphragm B) both lungs have two lobes C) the left lung has two lobes D) the narrower portion of each lung is called the apex E) the right lung has three lobes 35)
The homeostatic imbalance associated with the death of many full-term newborn infants is called:
35)
______ A)
CF
B)
SIDS
C)
IRDS
D)
COPD
E)
CTRL
36)
Which one of the following is NOT a factor influencing respiratory rate and depth:
36)
______ A) emotional factors B) enzymatic factors C) volition D) levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide E) physical exercise 37)
Which one of the following does NOT apply to the right main (primary) bronchus:
37)
______ A) it is the more common site for an inhaled object to become lodged B) it is shorter than the left bronchus C) it is wider than the left bronchus D) it is narrower than the left bronchus E) it is straighter than the left bronchus 38)
Which one of the following is NOT true of cystic fibrosis:
38)
______ A) it causes oversecretion of thick mucus that clogs the respiratory passages B) it is the most common lethal genetic disease in the U.S.
C) it impairs food digestion D) it is rarely fatal E) it causes sweat glands to produce an extremely salty perspiration 39)
An emotionally-induced response during which air movement is similar to crying is:
39)
______ A) sneezing B) coughing C) laughing D) yawning E) hiccupping SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 40)
The external nares (nostrils) are indicated by letter __________.
40)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 41)
Middle ear infections that often follow a sore throat or other type of pharyngeal infection are called __________.
41)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 42)
The pharynx is indicated by letter __________.
42)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 43)
A procedure in which air within the lungs is used to forcibly expel an obstructing piece of food to avoid suffocation is called the __________.
43)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 44)
The apex of the right lung is indicated by letter __________.
44)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 45)
Air that remains in the conducting zone passageways and never reaches the alveoli is called the __________.
45)
____________ 46)
Respiratory capacities are measured with a __________.
46)
____________ 47)
The smallest conducting passageways of the lungs are called __________.
47)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 48)
The trachea is indicated by letter __________.
48)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 49)
A lung that is collapsed to the point where it is ineffective for ventilation is known as __________.
49)
____________ 50)
The three mucosa-covered projections into the nasal cavity that greatly increase surface area of mucosa exposed to air are called __________.
50)
____________ 51)
The tracheal wall always remains __________ (open) in spite of pressure changes that occur during breathing.
51)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 52)
The larynx is indicated by letter __________.
52)
____________ 53)
The oral cavity is indicated by letter __________.
53)
____________ 54)
The diaphragm muscle is indicated by letter __________.
54)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 55)
An abnormal bubbling sound caused by diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus is called __________.
55)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 56)
The right primary bronchus is indicated by letter __________.
56)
____________ Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 57)
A normal respiratory rate of about 12-15 breaths per minute is called __________.
57)
____________ 58)
The central area between the two lungs that houses the heart, great blood vessels, bronchi, and esophagus is called the __________.
58)
____________ 59)
The mucosa-lined windpipe that extends from the larynx to the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra is called the __________.
59)
____________ 60)
"Dust cells" that wander in and out of the alveoli, picking up bacteria, carbon particles, and other debris, are actually __________.
60)
____________ 61)
A mechanism that clears the upper respiratory passages, which is similar to a cough except that the expelled air is directed through the nasal cavities instead of the oral cavity, is called a __________.
61)
____________ 62)
Inflammation of the sinuses that can cause marked changes in voice quality is called __________.
62)
____________ Figure 13.1
Using Figure 13.1, identify the following: 63)
The nasal cavity is indicated by the letter __________.
63)
____________ 64)
The base of the right lung is indicated by letter __________.
64)
____________ TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 65)
Inspiration by the diaphragm muscle is regulated by the phrenic nerves.
65)
______ 66)
The larynx serves as a passageway for both food and air.
66)
______ 67)
Wheezing is a whistling sound associated with diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus.
67)
______ 68)
The presence of air in the intrapleural space that disrupts the fluid bond between the pleura is referred to as hemothorax.
68)
______ 69)
The larynx routes air and food into their proper channel and plays an important role in speech production.
69)
______ 70)
According to the laws of diffusion, movement of a respiratory gas occurs toward the area of higher concentration of that particular respiratory gas.
70)
______ 71)
Labored, deep breathing, often referred to as "air hunger," is called dyspnea.
71)
______ 72)
Sudden inspirations resulting from spasms of the diaphragm are hiccups.
72)
______ 73)
The respiratory membrane is the air-blood barrier, where gases are exchanged.
73)
______ 74)
The faulty gene associated with cystic fibrosis codes for the CFTR protein, which controls the flow of chloride in and out of cells.
74)
______ 75)
The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal tidal expiration is the residual volume.
75)
______ 76)
The general term for inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues regardless of the cause is called hypoxia.
76)
______ 77)
Inflammation of the pleura is often caused by decreased secretion of pleural fluid called pleurisy.
77)
______ 78)
The "guardian of the airways" that prevents food from entering the superior opening of the larynx is the thyroid cartilage.
78)
______ 79)
The lungs of the fetus are filled with air late in pregnancy.
79)
______ 80)
Asthma is associated with narrowing of the respiratory passageways by spasms of the bronchioles.
80)
______ 81)
The emergency surgical opening of the trachea is called a tracheostomy.
81)
______ 82)
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa by cold viruses and various antigens is called rhinitis.
82)
______ MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. Match the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity: 83)
Total amount of exchangeable air
A)
conducting zone volume
83)
______ 84)
Air that enters the respiratory tract and remains within the conducting zone passageways
B)
dead space volume
84)
______ C) vital capacity D) tidal volume Match the following mechanism with its associated nonrespiratory movement: 85)
Sudden inspirations resulting from spasms of the diaphragm
A)
yawning
85)
______ B) hiccupping Match the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity: 86)
Amount of air that can be inhaled forcibly over the tidal volume
A)
inspiratory reserve volume
86)
______ B) residual volume Match the following mechanism with its associated nonrespiratory movement: 87)
Primarily an emotionally induced mechanism that involves release of air in a number of short breaths, similar to laughing
A)
laughing
87)
______ B) yawning 88)
An emotionally induced response that produces air movements similar to crying
C)
crying
88)
______ D) coughing Match the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity: 89)
Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal tidal expiration
A)
residual volume
89)
______ B) expiratory reserve volume Match the following mechanism with its associated nonrespiratory movement: 90)
Blast of upward rushing air that clears the lower respiratory passageways
A)
throat-clearing
90)
______ B) coughing Match the following definitions with their associated respiratory volume or capacity: 91)
Sum total of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume
A)
residual volume
91)
______ B) total lung capacity 92)
Normal, quiet breathing which moves approximately 500 mL of air per breath
C)
vital capacity
92)
______ D) tidal volume 93)
Air that remains in the lungs even after the most strenuous expiration
E)
dead space volume
93)
______ Match the following mechanism with its associated nonrespiratory movement: 94)
Involves using the uvula to close the oral cavity off from the pharynx in order to clear the upper respiratory passages
A)
coughing
94)
______ B) hiccupping 95)
A very deep inspiration formerly believed to be triggered by low oxygen
C)
sneezing
95)
______ D) yawning ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 96)
Identify the two pleural membranes and describe them under normal and disease conditions. 97)
Explain the structure and function of the respiratory membrane. 98)
Describe some of the major and minor effects of smoking on the human body. 99)
List the three regions of the pharynx and identify their relative superior and inferior endpoints in the respiratory passageway. 100)
Identify and describe the four distinct events that are collectively called respiration.