Frederick Engels wrote The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State with the purpose of providing a materialist analysis of how the family as we know it came to be with the rise of class society--and with it, the oppression of women.
While Origin of the Family was written after Karl Marx 's death in 1883, it was largely based on notes that Engels and Marx made on the research of anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan, who had published Ancient Society in 1877, making him one of the first to apply a materialist analysis to tell the story of how human social organization had evolved over time. When Morgan observed the Iroquois Indians in upstate New York, he saw kinship relationships totally different from the family relationships considered "normal" during the Victorian era. He found that in more than one case, Native American men and women were organized in communities of relative equality, and that women had a status that would be unfamiliar to readers in Morgan 's supposedly more civilized day.
Karl Marx and F. Engels located the Origin of women’s oppression in the rise of class society. Their analysis of women’s oppression was not something that was tagged on as an afterthought to their analysis of class society but was integral to it from the very begging. When Marx wrote the communist manifesto in 1848, ideas of women’s liberation were already a central part of revolutionary socialist theory.
Marx and Engels developed a theory of women’s oppression over a lifetime, culminating in the publication of the Origin of the Family and the State in 1884. Engel wrote the Origin, after Marx’s death, but it a joint collaboration, as he used Marx detailed notes along with his own.
The theory put forward in the Origin is based largely upon the pioneering research of the nineteenth century anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan. Morgan’s research, published in 1877 called Ancient Society, was the first materialist attempt to understand the evolution
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