Rise Of Islam Essay
SSWHda:
Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire.
Essential Question:
– Who was Muhammad & how did Islam unite the Arab people? Overview of Islam
• Around 600 AD, a new monotheistic religion began called Islam:
– The faith was founded by the prophet Muhammad
– His followers, called
Muslims, spread
Islam throughout the
Middle East, Africa,
Asia, & Europe
By 750 AD, Muslim leaders built an empire
Muslim scholars focused on learning & developed numerous cultural achievements that are still used today
The Islamic Empire connected diverse people through religion
& trade
Overview of Islam
Today, Islam is the world’s fastest growing religion with more than 1 billion followers throughout the world What was Arabia like …show more content…
before Muhammad?
Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam
The Arabian Peninsula is a desert region with little fertile soil or farming
Most Arabs lived in desert tribes which were centered around families & were ruled by clans
Arabia was not united under a single gov’t, but
Arabs did have a common language (Arabic)
Most Arabs were polytheistic
But, Arabia was the intersection of 3 continents
Arabia,
the
Birthplace
(Africa, Asia,
& Europe) so it wasof anIslam important region for trade & had lots of cultural diffusion
One of the wealthiest trade cities in Arabia was Mecca
Mecca was also a religious city; The
Ka’aba was a cube that held statues of hundreds of gods
Arabs made pilgrimages to
Mecca to visit the Ka’aba
Who was Muhammad?
The Early Life of Muhammad
• Muhammad’s early life:
– He was born in Mecca in 570 into a poor clan, was orphaned at a young age, & was raised by his grandparents
– As an adult, Muhammad became an honest & successful merchant
– He married a wealthy widow & started a family
What happened to Muhammad in 610?
Mohammad & Islam
• Muhammad created Islam:
– Muhammad’s work brought him into contact with Jewish
& Christian merchants
– In 610, Muhammad was told by the angel Gabriel that he was a prophet sent to Earth by God
– He began preaching a new monotheistic faith called
Islam (“surrender to God”)
What is the basic concept of Islam?
Islam
• Basic beliefs of Islam:
– Followers of Islam are called Muslims who believe in one
God, called Allah
– Allah is the same
God worshiped by
Jews & Christians
– Muslims believe
Muhammad was the last of God’s prophets
The teachings of
Mohammed were written down in the Qur'an
(Koran), the holy book of Islam
How did some people respond to Muhammad’s new religion?
The Hijrah
• Reactions to Islam:
– By 613, Muhammad began preaching his new ideas in Mecca
– Some people were attracted to Islam
– But, many people feared Muhammad’s growing popularity & that Mecca would lose its status as a holy city
How did Muhammad react to violence by non-Muslims in Mecca?
Islam Grows in Medina
• After years of attacks,
Muhammad & his followers fled to Medina
– This migration was known as the Hijrah
– In Medina, Muhammad gained new converts who put Islam above their families & clans
– He taught respect for
Christians & Jews (“People of the Book”)
What did Muhammad do after he gained converts & returned to Mecca?
Islam
• In 630, Muhammad returned to Mecca with 10,000 troops
& conquered the city
– He destroyed the god statues in the Ka’aba, leaving only the statue for Allah
– This time, the people in Mecca converted to Islam
– In 632, Muhammad died
What happened to Islam after Muhammad’s death?
Overview of Islam
• Around 600 AD, a new monotheistic religion began called Islam:
– Islam was founded by the prophet
Muhammad in the
Arabian city of Mecca
– After the Hegira to
Medina, Muhammad gained converts & returned to Mecca
Overview of Islam
• Muslims believe in the
Five Pillars of Islam:
– Faith: belief in one god, Allah & the prophet Muhammad
– Prayer: 5 times per day towards Mecca
– Alms: 2.5% to charity
– Fasting: During the month of Ramadan
– Hajj: Pilgrimage to
Mecca
The Islamic Empire
• After Muhammad, Islamic leaders created an empire:
– The Islamic Empire had well-trained troops that conquered nearby regions
– The massive empire led to great wealth for Muslims & new opportunities to spread
Islam
Class Discussion:
Who will take over after
Muhammad dies?
Islam After Muhammad
• When Muhammad died in 632, the Muslim community elected a new leader called a caliph (“successor”)
• The first 4 caliphs all knew Muhammad & promised to stay true to the Qur'an &
Muhammad & the
Muhammad’s message
Rightly Guided
The Rightly Guided Caliphs
• The first caliph was
Muhammad’s friend & father-in-law, Abu Bakr:
– His goal was to keep
Muslims united under his gov’t (“caliphate”)
– He used jihad to control & expand the Muslim empire
The Rightly Guided Caliphs
• The empire expanded under the next caliphs
During the Rightly Guided Caliphates, the Islamic Empire expanded “Dar-al-Islam”
(the areas where Islam is practiced)
The caliphs used the Shari'ah
(laws of Islam) to govern the empire
The caliphate never forced non-Muslims to convert, especially “People of the Book”
& allowed religious tolerance as long as taxes were paid to the empire
The Umayyad Empire
• After Ali’s death in 661 led to a civil war for control of the empire:
– The clan that came to power started the
Umayyad Empire
– But the rise of the
Umayyads led to a division in Islam
The Sunni-Shi’a Split
Before the Umayyads, caliphs were elected members of Muhammad’s family
■ Shi’a Muslims
■ Sunni Muslims rejected the accepted the rule of
Umayyads
the Umayyads
■ The Shi’a believe ■ The Sunni believe that caliph must caliphs should follow come directly from Muhammad’s
Muhammad’s
example, but don’t bloodline have to be relatives
The Umayyad Empire
The Umayyads expanded the empire which brought wealth & new Islamic converts
In 750, the Umayyad Empire was overthrown by the Abbasids
Under the Abbasids, the Islamic Empire grew to its greatest extent
The Abbasid Empire
• The Abbasid Empire (750 to 1258):
– The Abbasid caliphate built a strong gov’t bureaucracy to rule their empire
– Muslim merchants expanded wealth by trading across Africa,
Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea
The Abbasid Empire
Wealth from trade led to a golden age, a time of great
Muslim
achievements in science, math, medicine, & architecture Closure Activity
Complete the Monotheism Chart on your notes
The Islamic Empire
• After Muhammad, Islamic leaders created an empire:
– The Islamic Empire had well-trained troops that conquered nearby regions – The massive empire led to great wealth for Muslims & new opportunities to spread
Islam
SSWH5f:
Analyze the relationship between
Judaism, Christianity and Islam
• Compare the roles of Moses, Jesus,
& Muhammad in the development of the 3 major monotheistic religions
– Match the terms from the word bank with the appropriate prophet
SSWH5d:
Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibna Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta).
Islamic Achievements
Muslims during the Islamic Empire developed innovations that are still used today because:
– The Islamic world was rich, diverse and creative. Greeks, Chinese, Hindus, Arabs,
Persians, Turks and others all contributed.
– Muslims helped spread ideas as well as goods along their trade routes that connected Asia, Europe and Africa.
– Scholars read about and preserved Greek and Roman ideas.
The Islamic Empire at its height:
Discussion Questions
• Why do you think scholars call the era of the Abbasid's rule of the Islamic Empire a
“golden age”?
• Which Islamic achievement do you think is most important? Rank order the achievements from 1-9
SSWH5b:
Identify the Muslim trade routes to
India, China, Europe and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. Trade in the Islamic Empire Activity
#1: On your map, outline the Islamic Empire
#2: Draw and label the Silk Road
On the route, identify 3 products that spread through the Muslim world along the Silk Road
Chinese silk, Persian carpets, Chinese paper, spices, ivory, gold, jade, horses, tea, perfumes,
slaves
#3: Draw and label the Indian Ocean Trade
On the route, identify 3 trade products
Silk, spices, ivory, incense, herbs, opium, gold, iron
#4: Draw and label the Trans-Saharan Trade
On the route, identify 3 trade products
Gold, salt, camels, horses, slaves
What role did trade play in the Islamic Empire?
• Trade played an important role in the
Islamic Empire:
–The Muslim world was connected to a series of important trade networks in
Africa, Asia, & the Indian Ocean
–Trade routes increased cultural diffusion
–In addition to spreading Islam, Muslims borrowed & spread Indian, GrecoRoman, Persian, & Chinese achievements
The Travels of Ibn Battuta
• Examine the reading on Ibn Battuta & complete the activity Comparing the Islamic & Roman Empires
Roman Empire Islamic Empire
What was the main religion? Who ruled the empire?
Name 3 cultural achievements Who did they borrow ideas from?
SSWH 5 e
Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and
Europe.
Analyze the relationship between
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Crusades, 1093-1204
• Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus called for help against the invading
Muslims
• Pope Urban II called for a “holy war”, to regain control of the Holy Land
(Byzantine Empire & Jerusalem)
• At least 9 different Crusades over this time period (1-4 the most notable)
Impact on Europe
• Christian Europe continues dislike towards Muslims
• Kings & church were able to have quarrelling knights sent off
• Second sons & others, who wouldn’t inherit anything, left home to make something of themselves
Continued
• Economically: trade increased
• Jerusalem stayed within the control of the Muslims, but agreed that Christians could visit
• Weakened & lessened the power of the
Pope
• Kings power increased, fewer knights & feudal land lords to go against kings
Impact on Muslim World
• Muslims disliked Christians
• Persecution of Muslims:
• Spanish Inquisition and Reconquista
(cleansing)
• Economy weakens from lack of trade
• Culture spreads from interaction with European knights
Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire.
Essential Question:
– Who was Muhammad & how did Islam unite the Arab people? Overview of Islam
• Around 600 AD, a new monotheistic religion began called Islam:
– The faith was founded by the prophet Muhammad
– His followers, called
Muslims, spread
Islam throughout the
Middle East, Africa,
Asia, & Europe
By 750 AD, Muslim leaders built an empire
Muslim scholars focused on learning & developed numerous cultural achievements that are still used today
The Islamic Empire connected diverse people through religion
& trade
Overview of Islam
Today, Islam is the world’s fastest growing religion with more than 1 billion followers throughout the world What was Arabia like …show more content…
before Muhammad?
Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam
The Arabian Peninsula is a desert region with little fertile soil or farming
Most Arabs lived in desert tribes which were centered around families & were ruled by clans
Arabia was not united under a single gov’t, but
Arabs did have a common language (Arabic)
Most Arabs were polytheistic
But, Arabia was the intersection of 3 continents
Arabia,
the
Birthplace
(Africa, Asia,
& Europe) so it wasof anIslam important region for trade & had lots of cultural diffusion
One of the wealthiest trade cities in Arabia was Mecca
Mecca was also a religious city; The
Ka’aba was a cube that held statues of hundreds of gods
Arabs made pilgrimages to
Mecca to visit the Ka’aba
Who was Muhammad?
The Early Life of Muhammad
• Muhammad’s early life:
– He was born in Mecca in 570 into a poor clan, was orphaned at a young age, & was raised by his grandparents
– As an adult, Muhammad became an honest & successful merchant
– He married a wealthy widow & started a family
What happened to Muhammad in 610?
Mohammad & Islam
• Muhammad created Islam:
– Muhammad’s work brought him into contact with Jewish
& Christian merchants
– In 610, Muhammad was told by the angel Gabriel that he was a prophet sent to Earth by God
– He began preaching a new monotheistic faith called
Islam (“surrender to God”)
What is the basic concept of Islam?
Islam
• Basic beliefs of Islam:
– Followers of Islam are called Muslims who believe in one
God, called Allah
– Allah is the same
God worshiped by
Jews & Christians
– Muslims believe
Muhammad was the last of God’s prophets
The teachings of
Mohammed were written down in the Qur'an
(Koran), the holy book of Islam
How did some people respond to Muhammad’s new religion?
The Hijrah
• Reactions to Islam:
– By 613, Muhammad began preaching his new ideas in Mecca
– Some people were attracted to Islam
– But, many people feared Muhammad’s growing popularity & that Mecca would lose its status as a holy city
How did Muhammad react to violence by non-Muslims in Mecca?
Islam Grows in Medina
• After years of attacks,
Muhammad & his followers fled to Medina
– This migration was known as the Hijrah
– In Medina, Muhammad gained new converts who put Islam above their families & clans
– He taught respect for
Christians & Jews (“People of the Book”)
What did Muhammad do after he gained converts & returned to Mecca?
Islam
• In 630, Muhammad returned to Mecca with 10,000 troops
& conquered the city
– He destroyed the god statues in the Ka’aba, leaving only the statue for Allah
– This time, the people in Mecca converted to Islam
– In 632, Muhammad died
What happened to Islam after Muhammad’s death?
Overview of Islam
• Around 600 AD, a new monotheistic religion began called Islam:
– Islam was founded by the prophet
Muhammad in the
Arabian city of Mecca
– After the Hegira to
Medina, Muhammad gained converts & returned to Mecca
Overview of Islam
• Muslims believe in the
Five Pillars of Islam:
– Faith: belief in one god, Allah & the prophet Muhammad
– Prayer: 5 times per day towards Mecca
– Alms: 2.5% to charity
– Fasting: During the month of Ramadan
– Hajj: Pilgrimage to
Mecca
The Islamic Empire
• After Muhammad, Islamic leaders created an empire:
– The Islamic Empire had well-trained troops that conquered nearby regions
– The massive empire led to great wealth for Muslims & new opportunities to spread
Islam
Class Discussion:
Who will take over after
Muhammad dies?
Islam After Muhammad
• When Muhammad died in 632, the Muslim community elected a new leader called a caliph (“successor”)
• The first 4 caliphs all knew Muhammad & promised to stay true to the Qur'an &
Muhammad & the
Muhammad’s message
Rightly Guided
The Rightly Guided Caliphs
• The first caliph was
Muhammad’s friend & father-in-law, Abu Bakr:
– His goal was to keep
Muslims united under his gov’t (“caliphate”)
– He used jihad to control & expand the Muslim empire
The Rightly Guided Caliphs
• The empire expanded under the next caliphs
During the Rightly Guided Caliphates, the Islamic Empire expanded “Dar-al-Islam”
(the areas where Islam is practiced)
The caliphs used the Shari'ah
(laws of Islam) to govern the empire
The caliphate never forced non-Muslims to convert, especially “People of the Book”
& allowed religious tolerance as long as taxes were paid to the empire
The Umayyad Empire
• After Ali’s death in 661 led to a civil war for control of the empire:
– The clan that came to power started the
Umayyad Empire
– But the rise of the
Umayyads led to a division in Islam
The Sunni-Shi’a Split
Before the Umayyads, caliphs were elected members of Muhammad’s family
■ Shi’a Muslims
■ Sunni Muslims rejected the accepted the rule of
Umayyads
the Umayyads
■ The Shi’a believe ■ The Sunni believe that caliph must caliphs should follow come directly from Muhammad’s
Muhammad’s
example, but don’t bloodline have to be relatives
The Umayyad Empire
The Umayyads expanded the empire which brought wealth & new Islamic converts
In 750, the Umayyad Empire was overthrown by the Abbasids
Under the Abbasids, the Islamic Empire grew to its greatest extent
The Abbasid Empire
• The Abbasid Empire (750 to 1258):
– The Abbasid caliphate built a strong gov’t bureaucracy to rule their empire
– Muslim merchants expanded wealth by trading across Africa,
Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea
The Abbasid Empire
Wealth from trade led to a golden age, a time of great
Muslim
achievements in science, math, medicine, & architecture Closure Activity
Complete the Monotheism Chart on your notes
The Islamic Empire
• After Muhammad, Islamic leaders created an empire:
– The Islamic Empire had well-trained troops that conquered nearby regions – The massive empire led to great wealth for Muslims & new opportunities to spread
Islam
SSWH5f:
Analyze the relationship between
Judaism, Christianity and Islam
• Compare the roles of Moses, Jesus,
& Muhammad in the development of the 3 major monotheistic religions
– Match the terms from the word bank with the appropriate prophet
SSWH5d:
Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibna Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta).
Islamic Achievements
Muslims during the Islamic Empire developed innovations that are still used today because:
– The Islamic world was rich, diverse and creative. Greeks, Chinese, Hindus, Arabs,
Persians, Turks and others all contributed.
– Muslims helped spread ideas as well as goods along their trade routes that connected Asia, Europe and Africa.
– Scholars read about and preserved Greek and Roman ideas.
The Islamic Empire at its height:
Discussion Questions
• Why do you think scholars call the era of the Abbasid's rule of the Islamic Empire a
“golden age”?
• Which Islamic achievement do you think is most important? Rank order the achievements from 1-9
SSWH5b:
Identify the Muslim trade routes to
India, China, Europe and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. Trade in the Islamic Empire Activity
#1: On your map, outline the Islamic Empire
#2: Draw and label the Silk Road
On the route, identify 3 products that spread through the Muslim world along the Silk Road
Chinese silk, Persian carpets, Chinese paper, spices, ivory, gold, jade, horses, tea, perfumes,
slaves
#3: Draw and label the Indian Ocean Trade
On the route, identify 3 trade products
Silk, spices, ivory, incense, herbs, opium, gold, iron
#4: Draw and label the Trans-Saharan Trade
On the route, identify 3 trade products
Gold, salt, camels, horses, slaves
What role did trade play in the Islamic Empire?
• Trade played an important role in the
Islamic Empire:
–The Muslim world was connected to a series of important trade networks in
Africa, Asia, & the Indian Ocean
–Trade routes increased cultural diffusion
–In addition to spreading Islam, Muslims borrowed & spread Indian, GrecoRoman, Persian, & Chinese achievements
The Travels of Ibn Battuta
• Examine the reading on Ibn Battuta & complete the activity Comparing the Islamic & Roman Empires
Roman Empire Islamic Empire
What was the main religion? Who ruled the empire?
Name 3 cultural achievements Who did they borrow ideas from?
SSWH 5 e
Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and
Europe.
Analyze the relationship between
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Crusades, 1093-1204
• Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus called for help against the invading
Muslims
• Pope Urban II called for a “holy war”, to regain control of the Holy Land
(Byzantine Empire & Jerusalem)
• At least 9 different Crusades over this time period (1-4 the most notable)
Impact on Europe
• Christian Europe continues dislike towards Muslims
• Kings & church were able to have quarrelling knights sent off
• Second sons & others, who wouldn’t inherit anything, left home to make something of themselves
Continued
• Economically: trade increased
• Jerusalem stayed within the control of the Muslims, but agreed that Christians could visit
• Weakened & lessened the power of the
Pope
• Kings power increased, fewer knights & feudal land lords to go against kings
Impact on Muslim World
• Muslims disliked Christians
• Persecution of Muslims:
• Spanish Inquisition and Reconquista
(cleansing)
• Economy weakens from lack of trade
• Culture spreads from interaction with European knights