-Nationalism was said to have a rooted from a strong feeling among populace that they belong to the same race. such sentiment has not yet existed in the philippines prior to the 19th century. although the cultural traits of early filipinos had striking similarities, their linguistic differences as well as the local autonomy of each political unit in archipelago barely yielded to the development of this national sentiment.
The following have been regarded in history as factors that gave rise of filipino nationalism :
1. Spread of liberalism- When spain gradually exposed the philippines to international commerce in the late 18th and 19th centuries, liberal ideas from europe filtered in.When spain opened the philippines ports in 1834 to free trade, commercialization of philippine agriculture and economic expansion greatly benefited the PRINCIPALIA in the country.
1869-The dissipation of european and american liberalism in the country was even facilitated with the opening of the suez canal.
2. Sentiment against the principles- The masses had been skeptical about the local aristocracy due to their proprtion of influence in the society. the ilocano insurresction in 1815 was a manifestation of the people's cry to mass movement.
3.Racial prejudice- the spaniards commonly regarded the filipino natives as belonging to the "inferior race" and haughtily called them as INDIOS. Spanish colonizers that the natives could not rise their " limited intelegence"instigated the enlightened filipinos to struggle for equality. jose Rizal's annotationof antonio de morga's SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS denounced the allegations of the spaniards thet the filipinos were savages and had no culture prior to the coming of western colonozers.
4. Culural changes- the educational reforms of 1863 dramatically improved the standards of education in primary level. with the implementation of a new educational system, qualified filipinos were able to pursue