Robert Bakewell: The Industrial Revolution
During the 18th Century, England went through a significant growth known as the Industrial Revolution.This revolution paved the way for new machinery and technologies that simplified everyday life. It also proved to be so significant that even during the 21st Century the world is still feeling the effects. Modern day technology continues to benefit from the strides made during this time. At this time, the Industrial Revolution developed machines that resulted in many jobs and task that were more convenient for people.
A new farming system was created for an agricultural revolution that provided larger quantities of crops, which fed the increase of population. Farmers had made a discovery of crop rotation system that allowed them to leave half …show more content…
the land unused and unplowed each planting. Animal husbandry was becoming well known, and it started to become more attracting. Farmers had become more involved in the changes that were going on that they started to create other innovations for the farm. From 1674-1741 Jethro Tull had a major role in the Agricultural Revolution by introducing root vegetables. Tull had two inventions: the seed drill and a horse hoe. Both these inventions made it easier for farmers to work faster. The seed drill allows the seeds to be planted deep in the ground without having to do it my hand,which would take a longer amount of time. The horse hoe was a device that allows horses to pull a plow quicker and plant in a more efficient way. Although, Jethro Tull played a major role in the Agricultural Revolution. Charles Townshend had a larger role in popularizing root vegetables that made him famous for introducing the four course rotation of crops. The rotation of crops included wheat, turnips, oats and clover. This had helped the ground last a longer time for farming all year. In 1725-1795 Robert Bakewell was known for being a stock breeder for animals, which means that he looked for specific traits in purebred animals.
His popular animal that he was known for was sheeps and cattle. Bakewell kept genealogical records of the animals, that created more livestock of breeded animals. The purpose of this method was to improve better quality and meat production from these breeded animals. Since, the Agricultural Revolution had begun the increase of meat production in England was magnificent. That farmers had a smaller amount of work to do and had more time in their hands. Farmers were able to go to the city and leave the farm earlier. The development of machines helped people in England gather ideas that helped them think of inventing locomotives. Locomotives are a powered rail vehicle that is used for pulling trains. The use of steam was one of the most important changes at this time. There were three main inventions, which were the steam engine, steamboat, and steam-powered train. In 1769, James Watt improved the steam engine and its main purpose was to create a new source of power. The early model was to drain water and raise coal from the mines the main purpose was to use it for steam power. Then in 1807, Robert Fulton created the first steamboat using a steam power that changed the speed in which helped materials move from different colonies of Britain. Later in 1814, Stephenson then used the steam engine to help create the steam-powered train. This allowed an increase in communication and trade between places before it went too
far.
Before this significant growth, many people would work from their homes. They took on laborious tasks and worked with their hands. After the Industrial Revolution, there was a Major shift. Although many see this growth as a positive, it is also important to note that during this time the machines took the place of a lot of jobs. These jobs were previously done by workers which then led to low employment rates and poor living conditions.The workers that remained employed ended up working longer hours. There was also an increase in pollution and waste that was a side effect of the new machinery.
James Hargreaves invented the “spinning jenny” in 1764. This invention allowed one person to spin threads in a faster rate by spinning multiple threads at the same time. This helped workers work faster then taking each thread one by one. This was useful because it would take at least a couple days to finish. Workers could spin up to eight threads at once, it later then increased into eighty threads at a time. Significantly improving more and more for workers. Although, the threads were loose in texture it had a lack of strength. It was still big and there were over 20,000 machines being used in Great Britain by 1778. Even though the “spinning jenny” was invented in 1764, there was another invention during this time by Richard Arkwright’s called the “water frame.” The “water frame’s” main purpose was to produce yarn faster, as well as making the yarn stronger and thicker. The yarn became industrialized,the price had decreased and the amount of workers to turn yarn had also been reduced.
A few years later Samuel Crompton had combined both “spinning jenny” and the “water frame” in 1779. It was known as “Crompton’s mule” a machine that was used to manufacture large amount of strong yarn. With the inventions of these machines yarn became an important and effect part of the Industrial Revolution. The price of cotton yarn had decreased by 1812, and the making of wool yarn had reduced. Although these machines were important, Great Britain took advantage of the Americans new cotton and help absorb there demand.
Louis Motiff discusses how clothing was made during this time. He states that almost, “Every article of dress worn by farmers, mechanics and labourers is manufactured at home, hats and shoes excepted...there are many respectable persons at this day who never wore a bought pair of stockings, coat, or waistcoat in their lives; and within these twenty years a coat was bought at a shop was considered an extravagance.” [124]. Motif goes on to discuss how silk was especially popular.
[The machine] was brought from Italy by Sir Thomas Lombe. Parliament paid him
£14,000 for his trouble but only on the condition that he allowed them to make copies for the general benefit of the manufacturer. This machine was used for the fine silks in imitation of those made in Italy. [188] 2q
Along with the changes in textiles, and other industries, the revolution brought about a change in transportation as well. There was a growing demand for coal which caused the people to look for canals and other routes that would assist in meeting the necessary demands. There was also a desire to improve roads as this would facilitate travel. It was said that during this time, the roads were damaged and would easily flood. This then led to the turnpike act which assisted in paving new roads.
Coal mining became important in the Industrial Revolution because it was one of the primary usages for power steam engines, heat buildings and to generate electricity. Britain became a major part of the coal mining boom. In many regions, coal was being used mostly in the North, the process in transportation infrastructure that enabled to reach areas in a great demand. The process of transport that helped London with its economic growth significantly.
Coal mining was traditionally operated on a small scale, it forced in coal near services. The need of finding more coal increased because the demand became stronger. Finding more coal became harder because it became deeper. The deeper it became the possibility of floods were more likely in groundwater. These conditions made it more difficult for workers to find coal. Coal was cut by hand with an ax, and workers worked in steam no higher than 75 cm. Workers struggled with their posture due to the fact that they would be underground and would basically have their backs bent all day.
Coal mining was beneficially in one aspect but also was a terrible job. Not only were adults working this job, but children no older than five years old were working. The children were called “trapper” there job was to open and close trap doors to make sure air was circulating around the mine. Workers had no break and were expected to work the whole day. Pregnant women worked throughout their whole pregnancy until the due date of there child. Women and young girls suffered more because the had to carry baskets of coal up to 150 kilos on their backs while dealing with the flooding and small space surrounding them. Although workers had to deal with flooding, they also dealt with explosive gas known as “fire damp”. Due to all the inconvenience accidents, workers did die along the way.
Mentioned earlier child labor greatly impacted the eighteenth and early nineteenth century in England. Great Britain was known for child labor and because of this, there was a drastic change that became a political issue and a social problem. The reason why children were working longer hours, was because people thought since they were young they would have more energy.
The Embargo Act started in 1807 during the Napoleonic war. The United States Congress passed the Embargo Act. This law was also signed by President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807. Trade was important at this time.This law was to forbid American ships from selling goods in all foreign ports. There was a lot of conflict between France and Great Britain. In 1807, France had forbidden all natural trade with Great Britain. Women and men were both treated differently. For example: Women were paid less for doing the same work as men, they also had limited job opportunities and women were more endangered at work because they had less experience. Men had to work longer hours, and they had a higher pay than women. In the 20th century, there was a modification of stereotypical gender roles. Since men were enlisted in working, women were forced to men’s role. Some positive advantages information during this time period was the rapid growth of major cities. It improved better living conditions, and wider range of goods at a low price, it offered more job opportunities that helped people move around for a job. It also changed the way other people viewed the new technology. It motivated and educated people around the world to become more creative. It improved the way people lived their lives because of the amount of money it brought cities. Health care and education become more popular. The invention of factories was a great success at this time, because it would get the job done in a faster pace. Although there were some positive advantages, there were more negative disadvantages in the Industrial Revolution. The disadvantages at this time period was that the factors caused pollution. Pollution became a huge deal during the revolution because the cities were full of black smoke. There were no clean air surrounding people because of the many factories that were created. The working conditions in factories were terrible because of the long hours and the workers had little break. The amount of stress workers had became an issue, because it caused them to become illed. There illness spread diseases and caused workers to die throughout the factory. Rivers became a waste production because the pollution infected the water. The air pollution created a cloud of smoke that was called smog. More than 4,000 people were killed because of the dangerous gases. In 1850 acid rain was one of the problems that were discovered because of coal-powered plants.
The Industrial Revolution in England needed to become more advanced because it made it easier for people. So that they can work in an easier manner and wouldn't have to work as hard. One of the negative aspects of this revolution is that with more technological advancement, the workers become more overworked and are at risk because of the equipment in the factories. Workers tend to get hurt more, then when they were working by hand. Even if it had its ups and downs the industrial revolution played an important role around the whole world.
A new farming system was created for an agricultural revolution that provided larger quantities of crops, which fed the increase of population. Farmers had made a discovery of crop rotation system that allowed them to leave half …show more content…
the land unused and unplowed each planting. Animal husbandry was becoming well known, and it started to become more attracting. Farmers had become more involved in the changes that were going on that they started to create other innovations for the farm. From 1674-1741 Jethro Tull had a major role in the Agricultural Revolution by introducing root vegetables. Tull had two inventions: the seed drill and a horse hoe. Both these inventions made it easier for farmers to work faster. The seed drill allows the seeds to be planted deep in the ground without having to do it my hand,which would take a longer amount of time. The horse hoe was a device that allows horses to pull a plow quicker and plant in a more efficient way. Although, Jethro Tull played a major role in the Agricultural Revolution. Charles Townshend had a larger role in popularizing root vegetables that made him famous for introducing the four course rotation of crops. The rotation of crops included wheat, turnips, oats and clover. This had helped the ground last a longer time for farming all year. In 1725-1795 Robert Bakewell was known for being a stock breeder for animals, which means that he looked for specific traits in purebred animals.
His popular animal that he was known for was sheeps and cattle. Bakewell kept genealogical records of the animals, that created more livestock of breeded animals. The purpose of this method was to improve better quality and meat production from these breeded animals. Since, the Agricultural Revolution had begun the increase of meat production in England was magnificent. That farmers had a smaller amount of work to do and had more time in their hands. Farmers were able to go to the city and leave the farm earlier. The development of machines helped people in England gather ideas that helped them think of inventing locomotives. Locomotives are a powered rail vehicle that is used for pulling trains. The use of steam was one of the most important changes at this time. There were three main inventions, which were the steam engine, steamboat, and steam-powered train. In 1769, James Watt improved the steam engine and its main purpose was to create a new source of power. The early model was to drain water and raise coal from the mines the main purpose was to use it for steam power. Then in 1807, Robert Fulton created the first steamboat using a steam power that changed the speed in which helped materials move from different colonies of Britain. Later in 1814, Stephenson then used the steam engine to help create the steam-powered train. This allowed an increase in communication and trade between places before it went too
far.
Before this significant growth, many people would work from their homes. They took on laborious tasks and worked with their hands. After the Industrial Revolution, there was a Major shift. Although many see this growth as a positive, it is also important to note that during this time the machines took the place of a lot of jobs. These jobs were previously done by workers which then led to low employment rates and poor living conditions.The workers that remained employed ended up working longer hours. There was also an increase in pollution and waste that was a side effect of the new machinery.
James Hargreaves invented the “spinning jenny” in 1764. This invention allowed one person to spin threads in a faster rate by spinning multiple threads at the same time. This helped workers work faster then taking each thread one by one. This was useful because it would take at least a couple days to finish. Workers could spin up to eight threads at once, it later then increased into eighty threads at a time. Significantly improving more and more for workers. Although, the threads were loose in texture it had a lack of strength. It was still big and there were over 20,000 machines being used in Great Britain by 1778. Even though the “spinning jenny” was invented in 1764, there was another invention during this time by Richard Arkwright’s called the “water frame.” The “water frame’s” main purpose was to produce yarn faster, as well as making the yarn stronger and thicker. The yarn became industrialized,the price had decreased and the amount of workers to turn yarn had also been reduced.
A few years later Samuel Crompton had combined both “spinning jenny” and the “water frame” in 1779. It was known as “Crompton’s mule” a machine that was used to manufacture large amount of strong yarn. With the inventions of these machines yarn became an important and effect part of the Industrial Revolution. The price of cotton yarn had decreased by 1812, and the making of wool yarn had reduced. Although these machines were important, Great Britain took advantage of the Americans new cotton and help absorb there demand.
Louis Motiff discusses how clothing was made during this time. He states that almost, “Every article of dress worn by farmers, mechanics and labourers is manufactured at home, hats and shoes excepted...there are many respectable persons at this day who never wore a bought pair of stockings, coat, or waistcoat in their lives; and within these twenty years a coat was bought at a shop was considered an extravagance.” [124]. Motif goes on to discuss how silk was especially popular.
[The machine] was brought from Italy by Sir Thomas Lombe. Parliament paid him
£14,000 for his trouble but only on the condition that he allowed them to make copies for the general benefit of the manufacturer. This machine was used for the fine silks in imitation of those made in Italy. [188] 2q
Along with the changes in textiles, and other industries, the revolution brought about a change in transportation as well. There was a growing demand for coal which caused the people to look for canals and other routes that would assist in meeting the necessary demands. There was also a desire to improve roads as this would facilitate travel. It was said that during this time, the roads were damaged and would easily flood. This then led to the turnpike act which assisted in paving new roads.
Coal mining became important in the Industrial Revolution because it was one of the primary usages for power steam engines, heat buildings and to generate electricity. Britain became a major part of the coal mining boom. In many regions, coal was being used mostly in the North, the process in transportation infrastructure that enabled to reach areas in a great demand. The process of transport that helped London with its economic growth significantly.
Coal mining was traditionally operated on a small scale, it forced in coal near services. The need of finding more coal increased because the demand became stronger. Finding more coal became harder because it became deeper. The deeper it became the possibility of floods were more likely in groundwater. These conditions made it more difficult for workers to find coal. Coal was cut by hand with an ax, and workers worked in steam no higher than 75 cm. Workers struggled with their posture due to the fact that they would be underground and would basically have their backs bent all day.
Coal mining was beneficially in one aspect but also was a terrible job. Not only were adults working this job, but children no older than five years old were working. The children were called “trapper” there job was to open and close trap doors to make sure air was circulating around the mine. Workers had no break and were expected to work the whole day. Pregnant women worked throughout their whole pregnancy until the due date of there child. Women and young girls suffered more because the had to carry baskets of coal up to 150 kilos on their backs while dealing with the flooding and small space surrounding them. Although workers had to deal with flooding, they also dealt with explosive gas known as “fire damp”. Due to all the inconvenience accidents, workers did die along the way.
Mentioned earlier child labor greatly impacted the eighteenth and early nineteenth century in England. Great Britain was known for child labor and because of this, there was a drastic change that became a political issue and a social problem. The reason why children were working longer hours, was because people thought since they were young they would have more energy.
The Embargo Act started in 1807 during the Napoleonic war. The United States Congress passed the Embargo Act. This law was also signed by President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807. Trade was important at this time.This law was to forbid American ships from selling goods in all foreign ports. There was a lot of conflict between France and Great Britain. In 1807, France had forbidden all natural trade with Great Britain. Women and men were both treated differently. For example: Women were paid less for doing the same work as men, they also had limited job opportunities and women were more endangered at work because they had less experience. Men had to work longer hours, and they had a higher pay than women. In the 20th century, there was a modification of stereotypical gender roles. Since men were enlisted in working, women were forced to men’s role. Some positive advantages information during this time period was the rapid growth of major cities. It improved better living conditions, and wider range of goods at a low price, it offered more job opportunities that helped people move around for a job. It also changed the way other people viewed the new technology. It motivated and educated people around the world to become more creative. It improved the way people lived their lives because of the amount of money it brought cities. Health care and education become more popular. The invention of factories was a great success at this time, because it would get the job done in a faster pace. Although there were some positive advantages, there were more negative disadvantages in the Industrial Revolution. The disadvantages at this time period was that the factors caused pollution. Pollution became a huge deal during the revolution because the cities were full of black smoke. There were no clean air surrounding people because of the many factories that were created. The working conditions in factories were terrible because of the long hours and the workers had little break. The amount of stress workers had became an issue, because it caused them to become illed. There illness spread diseases and caused workers to die throughout the factory. Rivers became a waste production because the pollution infected the water. The air pollution created a cloud of smoke that was called smog. More than 4,000 people were killed because of the dangerous gases. In 1850 acid rain was one of the problems that were discovered because of coal-powered plants.
The Industrial Revolution in England needed to become more advanced because it made it easier for people. So that they can work in an easier manner and wouldn't have to work as hard. One of the negative aspects of this revolution is that with more technological advancement, the workers become more overworked and are at risk because of the equipment in the factories. Workers tend to get hurt more, then when they were working by hand. Even if it had its ups and downs the industrial revolution played an important role around the whole world.