The dictionary meaning of robot is a mechanical man or a more than humanly efficient automation. It is an automatic apparatus or device that performs functions ascribed to human beings or operates with what appears to be almost human intelligence. But this defamation does not give a human shape to the robot. The robot does the work of a human being. The Robot Institute of America has given a very interesting definition on an Industrial robot. Industrial robots are usually used at industries.
"An Industrial robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or special devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks”.
So, a robot is capable of being reprogrammed. This characteristic distinguishes it from a fixed automation. A fixed automation is designed to do one and only one specific task. If the specification of task changes even slightly the fixed automation becomes incapable of performing the task. It is designed to perform according to one fixed specification. However, a robot can be reprogrammed to perform even when specifications are changed drastically. The original program is simply erased and the new program takes care of the changed tasks. This feature that a robot can be reprogrammed makes the robot a flexible device. Hence, manufacturing systems which use robots are called flexible manufacturing system (FMS) due to this flexibility.
Karle Capek was the first person to introduce the word 'robot' and Sir Isaac Asimov coined first time the word 'robotics'. According to Asimov, robotics is the science of dealing with robots. Hence robotics involves a scientific study of robots. The study includes design, selections of materials of proper quality for the components, fabrication, study of various motors required for moving the components, design of electronic circuits, computers and computer programming and control of robots. Since robots and robotics