A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
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This article is about the former President of India. For the freedom fighter, see Abul Kalam Azad.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | | Abdul Kalam at the 12th Wharton India Economic Forum, 2008 | 11th President of India | In office
25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007 | Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Manmohan Singh | Vice President | Bhairon Singh Shekhawat | Preceded by | K. R. Narayanan | Succeeded by | Pratibha Devisingh Patil | Personal details | Born | 15 October 1931 (age 81)
Rameswaram, India (present day Tamil Nadu, India) | Alma mater | St. Joseph 's College, Tiruchirappalli
Madras Institute of Technology | Profession | Professor, Author, scientist
Aerospace engineer | Website | abdulkalam.com |
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (Tamil: [அவுல் பக்கீர் ஜைனுலாபுதீன் அப்துல் கலாம்] ( listen) born 15 October 1931) usually referred to as Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is an Indian scientist and administrator who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, studied physics at the St. Joseph 's College, Tiruchirappalli, and aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), Chennai.[1]
Before his term as President, he worked as an aerospace engineer with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).[2]Kalam is popularly known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development ofballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.[3] He played a pivotal organizational, technical and political role in India 's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974. Some scientific experts have however called Kalam a man with no authority over nuclear physics but who just carried on the works of Homi J. Bhabha andVikram Sarabhai.[4]
Kalam was elected the
References: * India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium by A. P. J Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan; New York, 1998.[105] * Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by A * Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.[106] * The Luminous Sparks by A * Mission India by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005[108] * Inspiring Thoughts by A * You Are Born To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond by A. P. J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.[111] * Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A * President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam by R. K. Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.[114] * A * A Little Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008.[116] * The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P.M * My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr.A.K. George; Novel Corporation, 2009.[118] -------------------------------------------------